Epithelial Tissue

CLINICAL CORRELATIONS
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
Epithelial Tissue: Clinical Correlations and Glandular Epithelium

Simple Squamous
Mesothelioma
Atherosclerosis
Stratified Cuboidal: Salivary Gland Swelling
Simple Cuboidal Stratified Columnar: Trachoma
Hyperthyroidism Glandular Epithelium
Renal Fanconi Syndrome Classification according to Product
Classification according to Mechanism
Simple Columnar: Celiac Disease
Classification according to Morphology
Pseudostratified Columnar: Bronchitis
Stratified Squamous
Keratinized: Psoriasis
Non-keratinized: Barrett Syndrome
EPITHELIAL TISSUE: CLINICAL CORRELATION -
MESOTHELIOMA

Cancer of Mesothelium
Neoplasm that arises from surfaces of pleural and peritoneal cavities
Common Metastasis Route: Lymphatic System
Risk Factor: Asbestos Exposure
SMOKERS when exposed to asbestos, have higher chance of
developing it
Cells enlarge and develop long, slender and curved microvilli

Pleural Mesothelium Pleural Mesothelioma

EPITHELIAL TISSUE: CLINICAL CORRELATION -
ATHERSOCLEROSIS
Involves endothelium
Deposited plaques in the inner
layers of the vessels, resulting
damage to the vessel wall and
disruption of the endothelium
Plaque contains cholesterol, lipoid
material, and lipophages
Blood flow may be occluded
The common causes are endothelial
dysfunction, dyslipidemia,
inflammatory and immunologic
factors, and hypertension.
Normal Artery
EPITHELIAL TISSUE: CLINICAL CORRELATION -
HYPERTHYROIDISM
Involves thyroid follicular cells
Simple Cuboidal Cells Become elongated
Columnar Cells
High activity of hormone secretion
Most seen in women who are 20-40 yrs.
old
Most common form: Graves Disease
results from antibodies in the blood
that mimic thyroid-stimulating
hormone, stimulating the thyroid to
grow and secrete excessive thyroid
hormone.
EPITHELIAL TISSUE: CLINICAL CORRELATION - Renal Fanconi
Syndrome
Impairment of proximal tubular function in
the kidney
Gene defects cause alteration in epithelium
Cells become more squamous rather than
cuboidal and the nuclei are distorted
the basement membrane becomes wrinkled
and thickened
microvilli are reduced in number and length
some substances that should be reabsorbed
into the bloodstream are instead excreted in
the urine.
EPITHELIAL TISSUE: CLINICAL CORRELATION Celiac Disease
disorder of the small intestine
Gluten reacts with the lining of
the small intestine inducing an
attack by the immune system
causing damage to microvilli
and villi.
can lead to malabsorption,
anemia, bone disease, and,
rarely, some forms of cancer
Blunting of villi, intraepithelial
lymphocytes, and increased
lymphocytes in the lamina
propria
EPITHELIAL TISSUE: CLINICAL CORRELATION Bronchitis
marked by acute or chronic inflammation
of the bronchial tubes
Inhibition of cilia activity
Increased mucous secretion
The inflamed area of the bronchial wall
becomes swollen, and excess mucus may
obstruct the airway.
Squamous Metaplasia (Pseudostratified to
Squamous)
Hyperplasia, Loss of cilia (Chronic
Bronchitis)
EPITHELIAL TISSUE: CLINICAL CORRELATION Psoriasis
common chronic inflammatory skin
disease
characterized by pink- to salmon
colored plaques with silver scales and
sharp margins
Thickened epidermis
Neutrophils may migrate into the
epidermis to form
micro-abscesses (within the
parakeratotic area of the stratum
corneum layer
micropustules (within the stratum
granulosum and spinosum layers)
EPITHELIAL TISSUE: CLINICAL CORRELATION Barrett
Syndrome

Complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease

metaplasia as response to prolonged reflux-induced injury
stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar
epithelium
Goblet Cells replace the other squamous cells
Patients with Barrett syndrome have a high risk of developing
adenocarcinoma (cancer of the esophagus).
EPITHELIAL TISSUE: CLINICAL CORRELATION Salivary Gland
Swelling
Sialadenitis with inflammation
can result from blockage of a duct or
ducts, so that saliva is not able to
exit into the mouth
pain when chewing food
Most common cause of blockage is a
salivary stone (calculus), which
forms from salts contained in the
saliva
A blocked duct and gland filled with
stagnant saliva may become
infected with bacteria
EPITHELIAL TISSUE: CLINICAL CORRELATION Trachoma
chronic contagious conjunctivitis
caused by the bacteria Chlamydia
trachomatis
characterized by inflammatory
granulation on the conjunctival
epithelium
Lymphocytes and macrophages
invade underlying connective tissue
as part of the inflammatory
response.
epithelial hyperplasia and inclusion
bodies in the epithelial cells
EPITHELIAL TISSUE: GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
Classification Description Examples

P Serous secrete a watery proteinaceous Sweat glands, pancreas, Parotid

r fluid Gland
Goblet Cells, Stomach and Respiratory
Mucous secrete mucus, a viscous
o Epithelium
mixture of glycoprotein and
d Submandibular, sublingual, glands in
Seromucous water
u Mixture of watery and viscous fluid esophagus and trachea
c
t Sebaceous produce lipids Dermis to Hypodermis of the Skin

secretion by exocytosis without

M Merocrine Sweat Glands
the loss of cell material; most
e common
c secretory product is released
h Apocrine together with part of the apical Mammary Glands
a cytoplasm of the secretory cell.
n
i product is released by
s disintegration of the entire Sebaceous Glands
m Holoocrine
cell.
Secretory cell dies and a new
one is formed from a nearby
EPITHELIAL TISSUE:
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM:
Morphology