What is a hospital?

Itis ahealth careinstitution providingpatienttreatment

with specialized staff and equipment.
 Types of hospitals.

GENERAL HOSPITAL: It is set up to deal with many kinds

ofdiseaseandinjury, and normally has an emergency
departmentto deal with immediate and urgent threats
tohealth.
SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL: These hospitals includetrauma
centers,rehabilitation hospitals, children hospitals, seniors'
(geriatric) hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with specific
medical needs such aspsychiatricproblems and certain
disease categories. Specialized hospitals can help
reducehealth care costscompared to general hospitals.
 Types of hospitals.
DISTRICT HOSPITAL: A district hospital typically is the
major health care facility in its region, with large
numbers of beds forintensive careand long-term care.
TEACHING HOSPITAL: Itcombines assistance to people
with teaching to medical students and nurses and often
is linked to a medical school, nursing school or
university.
CLINIC: The medical facility smaller than a hospital is
generally called aclinic.
 Etymology

During the Middle Ages hospitals served different

functions from modern institutions, asalmshousesfor the
poor, hostels forpilgrims, orhospital schools. The word
hospital comes from theLatinhospes, signifying a
stranger or foreigner, hence a guest.
 History
The earliest documented institutions aiming to provide
cures wereancient Egyptiantemples. (
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital)
As early as 4000 BCE, religions identified certain of their
deities with healing.
however, the modern concept of a hospital dates from
331 ce when Roman emperor Constantine I
(Constantine the Great), having been converted to
Christianity. (http://www.britannica.com/topic/hospital)
 Hospital building
attributes
Regardless of their location, size, or budget, all hospitals
should have certain common attributes.

REFERENCE:
https://www.wbdg.org/design/hospital.php
 Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness
An efficient hospital layout should:
Promote staff efficiency by minimizing distance of necessary travel
between frequently used spaces.
Allow easy visual supervision of patients by limited staff.
Include all needed spaces, but no redundant ones. This requires careful
pre-design programming.
Provide an efficient logistics system, which might include elevators,
pneumatic tubes, box conveyors, manual or automated carts, and gravity
or pneumatic chutes, for the efficient handling of food and clean supplies
and the removal of waste, recyclables, and soiled material
Make efficient use of space by locating support spaces so that they may be
shared by adjacent functional areas, and by making prudent use of multi-
purpose spaces

REFERENCE:
https://www.wbdg.org/design/hospital.php
 Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness
Consolidate outpatient functions for more efficient
operationon first floor, if possiblefor direct access by
outpatients
Group or combine functional areas with similar system
requirements
Provide optimal functional adjacencies, such as locating the
surgical intensive care unit adjacent to the operating suite.
These adjacencies should be based on a detailed functional
program which describes the hospital's intended operations
from the standpoint of patients, staff, and supplies

REFERENCE:
https://www.wbdg.org/design/hospital.php
 Flexibility and Expandability
Since medical needs and modes of treatment will continue to change, hospitals should:
Follow modular concepts of space planning and layout
Use generic room sizes and plans as much as possible, rather than highly specific ones
Be served by modular, easily accessed, and easily modified mechanical and electrical
systems
Where size and program allow, be designed on a modular system basis. This system
also uses walk-through interstitial space between occupied floors for mechanical,
electrical, and plumbing distribution. For large projects, this provides continuing
adaptability to changing programs and needs, with no first-cost premium, if properly
planned, designed, and bid. The VA Hospital Building System also allows vertical
expansion without disruptions to floors below.
Be open-ended, with well planned directions for future expansion; for instance
positioning "soft spaces" such as administrative departments, adjacent to "hard spaces"
such as clinical laboratories.

REFERENCE:
https://www.wbdg.org/design/hospital.php
 Controlled Circulation
A hospital is a complex system of interrelated functions requiring constant
movement of people and goods. Much of this circulation should be controlled.
Outpatients visiting diagnostic and treatment areas should not travel through
inpatient functional areas nor encounter severely ill inpatients
Typical outpatient routes should be simple and clearly defined
Visitors should have a simple and direct route to each patient nursing unit without
penetrating other functional areas
Separate patients and visitors from industrial/logistical areas or floors
Outflow of trash, recyclables, and soiled materials should be separated from
movement of food and clean supplies, and both should be separated from routes of
patients and visitors
Transfer of cadavers to and from the morgue should be out of the sight of patients
and visitors
Dedicated service elevators for deliveries, food and building maintenance services

REFERENCE:
https://www.wbdg.org/design/hospital.php
 Aesthetics
Aesthetics is closely related to creating a therapeutic environment
(homelike, attractive.) It is important in enhancing the hospital's public
image and is thus an important marketing tool. A better environment
also contributes to better staff morale and patient care. Aesthetic
considerations include:
Increased use of natural light, natural materials, and textures
Use of artwork
Attention to proportions, color, scale, and detail
Bright, open, generously-scaled public spaces
Homelike and intimate scale in patient rooms, day rooms, consultation
rooms, and offices
Compatibility of exterior design with its physical surroundings

REFERENCE:
https://www.wbdg.org/design/hospital.php
 Modular Layout designs
Linear Layout Model
Central Focus Layout model
Grid Iron Layout Model
Molecular Layout Model
Dispersed Layout Model

REFERENCE:
https://www.wbdg.org/design/hospital.php
Flow Charts
Hospital relationship chart
Major clinical relationship chart
Staff flow
General medical practice
General hospital

REFERENCE: TSS BUILDING TYPRES

DEPARTMENTAL ZONING

REFERENCE: NEUFERT
Administration Department

REFERENCE: TSS BUILDING TYPRES

Obstetrical Department

REFERENCE: TSS BUILDING TYPRES

Diagnostic Facility

REFERENCE: TSS BUILDING TYPRES

Emergency Department

REFERENCE: TSS BUILDING TYPRES

O.P.D

REFERENCE: TSS BUILDING TYPRES

Services

REFERENCE: TSS BUILDING TYPRES

 I.P.D
flowchart

REFERENCE: TSS BUILDING TYPRES

Surgical Suite flowchart

REFERENCE: TSS BUILDING TYPRES

Connection of Areas
PMDC rules and regulations
Distribution of beds
Distribution of beds
APPROX. AREAS
Medical College infrastructure
 Number of Operating Suites

Textbook of Hospital Administration By Sonu Dr Goel

https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=rx2MBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA102&lpg=PA102&dq=priva
te,+
semi+private+and+public+ward+required+for+200+bed+hospital&source=bl&ots
=hSCDER_OGi&sig=ECYD7OZZeOSvv4eRU8fu64IE_w0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAmoV
ChMIndfap8XqxwIVCQgaCh3aUwQm#v=onepage&q=private%2C%20semi%20private%20a
STANDARDS
 DESCRIPTION
STRUCTURAL GRID:
PATIENT ROOM SIZE:
TOILET ROOM FOR PATIENTS:
PATIENT ROOM FURNITURE:
SOURCE STANDARD
Neufert i. Column grid spacing of 7.20 m or
7.80 m.
1 i. A minimum of 100 sq. ft. (9.29
sq. m) of clear floor area per bed
in multiple bed room and 120 sq.
ft. (10.8 sq. m) of clear floor area
for single bed room.
Minimum clearance between
TSS Building Types sides and foot of the bed for
multiple bed rooms is 4 ft.
(1.22m) minimum clearance for
single bed room 3 ft. (0.91 m)
ii. Single room 117 to 172 sq. ft.
Neufert double room 157 to 210 sq. ft.
four bed room 308 to 401 sq. ft.
Depth of room 14-6 for single
rooms or 15-0. For double and
four bed rooms 21-8.
iii. Smallest size for one bed room
10m2 ; for two and three bed
room, a minimum of 8m2 per bed.
room width, minimum of 3.20 m.
1 i. One toilet shall serve no more
than four beds and no more than
two patient rooms.
TSS Building Types i. Motor operated high-low bed=
7-3 overall length
 DESCRIPTION SOURCE STANDARD
PATIENT ROOM FURNITURE: TSS Building Types i. Motor operated high-low bed=
7-3 overall length
bedside table 16x20
DOOR WIDTH: 1 i. patient door width at least 4 ft.
TSS Building Types (1.22m)


ii. Standard bedroom door width is

3-10 or
Neufert
4-0.

iii. Patient room door must be

1260x2130 mm.
Normal door 2.10-2.20m
vehicles entrance, oversized
doors 2.50 m
Transport entrance
2.70-2.80 m
Minimum height on approach
roads 3.50 m
CORRIDOR WIDTH: Neufert i. Access corridor at least 1.50 m.
Corridors in which patients will
be transported on trolleys, min.
effective width of 2.25 m.
 DESCRIPTION SOURCE STANDARD
STAIRS: Neufert i. Effective width of stairs and
landings of essential staircases,
min. 1.50 m and
max. 2.50 m.
step height 170 mm
minimum step tread 280 mm
rise/tread ratio of 150:300 mm

LIFTS/ELEVATORS: Neufert i. One multipurpose for 100 beds.

In addition there should be a
Two multipurpose lifts and two minimum of 2 smaller lifts for
smaller lifts. portable equipment, staff and
visitors:
Clear dimension of lift car: 0.90
4 x 1.20 m
clear dimension of shaft: 1.25
x1.50 m
ii. Hospitals with 250-300 beds
require three or more.
preferable dimensions 1.52 x
2.28 m
(5x71/2 ). And door at least
1.22 m (4 ft.).
 DESCRIPTION SOURCE
SURGICAL SUITE AREAS:
TSS Building Types
Neufert
STANDARD
1 i. Each room shall have a minimum clear
area of 400 sq. ft. (37.16 sq. m) not
including shelves and built in cabinets.
Min. 20 ft. clear width dimension between
fixed cabinets and built in shelves.
Rooms for cardiovascular, orthopedic,
neurological and other procedures, min.
600 sq. ft. (55.74 sq. m) with min. of 20 ft.
(6.10 m) clear dimension exclusive of
fixed or wall mounted cabinets and built in
shelves.
Room for endo-urological procedure, min.
clear area of 350 sq. ft. (32.52 sq. m),
exclusive 15 ft. (4.57 sq. m).
ii. Free floor space should be 15 ft. by 20 ft.
or approx. 350 sq. ft.
20 ft. by 20 ft. clear floor space
recommended by surgeons and surgical
supervisors.
iii. The department requires following rooms:
Operating theatre 40-48 m2
Entry room 15-20 m 2
Exit room 15-20 m 2
Washroom 12-15 m 2
Equipment room 10-15 m2
Also required staff lobby, patient lobby,
clean work corridor, anesthesia room,
waste lobby, supply lobby, sterilization
room, equipment room, standing area for
two operating trolleys and nearby
recovery room.
suitable surgical size would be
6.50 x 6.50m.
 DESCRIPTION
NO. OF O.T.S:
ANESTHESIA ROOM:
ANESTHESIA DISCHARGE ROOM:
RECOVERY ROOM:
WASHROOM FOR O.T. SUITE:
EQUIPMENT ROOM:
SOURCE STANDARD
6 i. One O.T. room for every 50 beds
of surgical patients.
5 ii. One O.T. for every 50 beds
One minor and 2 major
operation theaters.
Neufert i. Approx. 3.80 x3.80 m in size,
having an electric sliding door
into theater (clear width 1.40 m)
Neufert i. Set out identically to the
anesthesia room. Swinging door
to the working corridor should
1 have clear width of 1.25 m.
ii. Min. of 80 sq. ft. for each patient
bed with space for additional
equipment. Clearance of at least
4 ft. between beds.
Neufert i. The no. of beds required is
calculated 1.5 times the no. of
operating theaters.
Neufert i. Min. width of room should be
1.80 m.
for each operating theater there
should be 3 non splash basins.
Neufert i. Approx. 20 m2 required.
 DESCRIPTION SOURCE STANDARD
RADIOLOGY: Neufert i. It includes X-ray diagnosis, radio
therapy and nuclear medicine.
Radiology department should be
close to ambulance entrance.
ii. Sonography, mammography and
x-ray require 12-18 m2
iii. Standard x-ray room and
admission rooms need to be 20-
30 m2
iv. The walls and ceiling should be of
lead sheeting.
IMAGING SUITE: 1 i. It should be located on ground
floor.
This department provides
diagnostic procedures for
fluoroscopy, radiology,
mammography, tomography, CT
scan, ultrasound, MRI,
angiography etc.
these require radiation
protection.
Emergency, surgery, cystoscopy
and outpatient clinics should be
accessible to imaging suite.



 DESCRIPTION SOURCE STANDARD
ANGIOGRAPHY: Neufert i. It requires an auxiliary room with
a sink and built in storage.
1 ii. Procedure room should be a min.
of
400 sq. ft.
viewing area should be a min. of
10 ft. (3.05 m) in length.
scrub sink located outside the
staff entry to the procedure
room.
Patient holding area should
accommodate two stretchers
with additional space for
additional procedure rooms.
CT SCANNING: Neufert i. Admission room for CT should be
35 m2 in area.
1 ii. Patient toilet shall be arranged in
such a way so that the patient
may leave the toilet without
having to reenter the scan room.
X-RAY SUITE: TSS Building Types i. Patient toilet: door width 3ft.
lavatory set 3out on wall
bracket and
2-10 from the floor.
ii. X-ray room: optimum size 14 by
18. Minimum room height 9-6.
iii. 1 X-ray machine for 50-100 beds.
 DESCRIPTION SOURCE STANDARD
MRI: 1 i. Area may range from 325 sq. ft.
(30.19 m2) to 620 sq. ft. (57.6 m2)
depending upon vendor and
magnet strength.
Control room min. area 100 sq. ft.
(9.29 m2) but can be larger
depending upon vendor and
magnet strength.
computer room area 150 sq. ft.
(13.94 m2) to 380 sq. ft. (35.3 m2)
UROLOGICAL TREATMENT ROOM: Neufert i. Related to x-ray diagnosis.
Room area should be 25-30 m2 in
size and must be close to
surgical department.
It should have an instrument
room of roughly 15 m2.


I.C.U.: Neufert i. No. Of patients per unit should be
between 6 - 10.
One nurse station, a sterile
workstation, one material room
and one equipment room per
unit (6-10 beds) should be in an
I.C.U.
It should be close to or on same
level of operation theaters.
 DESCRIPTION SOURCE
CRITICAL CARE UNIT: 1 i.
CORONARY CARE UNIT: 1 i.
LABORATORY: TSS Building Types i.
NUCLEAR MEDCINE: 1 i.
STANDARD
Location convenient to
emergency, respiratory therapy,
laboratory, radiology, surgery
etc.
min. 150 sq. ft. (13.94 m2) of
clear floor area with min.
headwall width 12 ft. (3.66m) per
bed.
Door width at least 4 ft. (1.22m).
Minimum 8 ft. distance between
beds.
Each coronary care patient shall
have a separate room.
Module for technical area should
be approx. 10 ft. by 20 ft.
Support service, such as
radiology and pathology should
be accessible to nuclear
medicine.
The emergency room and
outpatient clinics should be in
proximity.
 DESCRIPTION SOURCE STANDARD
EMERGENCY CENTER: 1 i. Examination and treatment
rooms shall have a min. of 120
sq. ft. (11.15 m2).
Treatment cubicles in open multi
bed areas; each cubicle shall
have a min. of 80 sq. ft. (7.43 m2)
of clear space and shall be
separated from adjoining
cubicles by curtains.
Trauma/cardiac rooms for
emergency procedures,
including emergency surgery,
shall have at least 250 sq. ft.
(23.23 m2) of clear floor area.
Doorway leading from
ambulance entrance to cardiac
trauma room shall be a min. of
5 ft. (1.52 m2) wide.
Orthopedic and cast work room
area depends upon the
procedure and equipment
accommodated here.
Convenient access to radiology
and laboratory departments.
Where there are more than
eight treatment areas, a
POINTS IN FOCUS
 MASTER PLAN:
ENTERANCES FLEXIBILITY:
TRAFFIC FLOW ADAPTIBILITY IN BUILDINGS
PATIENT FLOW EFFECTIVELY FUNCTIONING WHOLE
FUTURE EXPANSION
FACILITIES
INTERACTION AREAS
LANDSCAPE
FUNCTIONALITY
ROOM ARRANGEMENTS
INNER PATIENT FLOW
CIRCULATION
CONNECTIVITY
ADEQUATE WAITING AREA
WELL DEFINED ARES
PROPER FACILITIES
SPACIOUS
OPEN AREAS
EMERGENCY FACILITIES
REQUIREMENTS AND
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
TEACHING HOSPITAL WITH MEDICAL COLLEGE
500 BEDDED
MASTER PLAN
Requirements:

ACCOMMODATION;
Junior staff nurses and doctors
Senior staff nurses and doctors
Executives of hospital
Accommodation for students

HOSPITAL FACILITIES SUCH AS;

Specialist clinics Trauma center
Poly clinic Wards
Radiology and radiotherapy departments Research units
Mortuary Sewage plant
Administration Mixed used
Canteen facility
Laundry Mosque
Sterilization unit General stores
Car park
 MEDICAL COLLEGE;
Skill lab
Auditorium
Museum
Lecture hall

Offices
Library

Mortuary and anatomy
Common rooms
Cafeteria
dissection hall

Administration offices
Tutorial

Circulation and other space
Labs

LANDSCAPING

PARKING AREAS
HOSPITAL PLANNING
REQUIREMENTS
DEPARTMENTAL DIVISIONS
Elements And Divisions Of The Hospital

The main division of the hospitals are:

1. Administration division.
2. Outpatients division, includes;
Outpatient clinics.
Pharmacy.
Emergency reception.
3. Diagnostic services division, includes;
Laboratories.
Radiology (diagnostic).
4. Therapeutic services division, includes;
Physical Therapy.
Radiology (therapeutic).
 7. General service division,
5. Internal medical treatment division, includes;
Operation Theatres. includes;
Intensive Care unit. Kitchen.
Maternity section. Laundry.
Central Sterilization Department. Storages.
Workshops.
6. Inpatient division, includes;
Mechanical services.
Patient wards.
Mortuary.
Nurses wards.
Security.
Inpatient services.
Parking.
Landscaping.
 Departments
Emergency department:
TOTAL AREA APPROX : 5400 sqft

Requirements:
Entrance + waiting area.
Ramps.
Stretcher and wheel chair area.
Ambulance area and path.
Reception.
Minor O.T.
Lounge.
Toilets.
 Design:

It should be close to the main entrance.

Separate path for ambulance.
Proper ramp for stretcher.
Clear spaces for patients.
Proper waiting area for their relatives.
Should be close to diagnostic area and
operation theatre.
Should be on ground floor.
Semi covered shades.
Separate male and female wards.
More green spaces and water bodies.
Close to the pharmacy.
Operation theatre:
TOTAL AREA APPROX : 19,400 sqft

Requirements: Design:
Waiting area. Close to emergency and gyne.
Separate access.
Pre and post operation ward.
Natural light and wind and green areas.
Anesthetic area.
Close to pharmacy.
Recovery room.
Male and female pre O.T.
Doctors lounge. Separate room for anesthesia;
Nurse lounge. Separate lobby.
Scrub area. Lounge for doctors.
Store. Lockers.

Dirty corridor. Separate dirty corridor and separate exit for it.
Store.
Neat and clean corridor.
Toilets.
 Outdoor department:
Requirements:
Waiting area.
Reception and admission area.
Doctor rooms.
Toilets.
Examine area.
Clerical staff.
Attendant.
General physician.

Design:
Separate entrance.
Separate waiting but less.
Natural light and greenery.
 Gyne department:
Requirements:
Waiting area.
Toilets.
Nursery and labor room.
Recovery room.
Wards.
Reception.
Kitchen.

Design:
Close to emergency and O.T.
Separate waiting for fathers.
Close to the pharmacy.
Connected to general and observation nursery.
Diagnostic department:
TOTAL AREA APPROX : 3250 sqft
Laboratories:

Parts and components of the division:

Work area.
Waiting area.
Sample room.
Cleaning room.
Staff offices.
The most important labs in the hospital are:
Chemical lab.
Bacteriology lab.
Histology lab.
Pathology lab.
Serology lab.
Hematology lab.
Microbiology lab.
Design:

Connected to emergency and gyne.

Close to sterilization area.
Separate waiting for x-ray.
Accessibility from central storages
 Radiology division:

TOTAL AREA APPROX : 3440-5600 sqft

Parts and components of the division:
X-ray rooms.
Control room.
Waiting area.
Staff office.
Utility room.
Dark room.
Film view.
Store.

Location:
Very close to the emergency department and external clinics.
Easily accessible from internal division.
Ground floor is preferred.
 Therapeutic services division

Physical therapy division:

Parts and components of the division:
Waiting area.
Office.
Hydrotherapy.
Exercise room.
WCs.
 Internal medical treatment division

Operation theatre:
Parts and components of the division:
Entrance.
Storage.
Preparation room.
Access area.
Staff clothes room + WCs.
Operation theatre.
Cleanup room.
Sub sterilizing room.
Supervision room.
Staff lockers.
 Intensive care unit:
Parts and components of the division:
I.C.U space.
 Location:
Very close to the recovery room in the operation
theatre.
Can be easily accessible from the emergency
division by elevator.
Area of the department:
Must be designed 1-2 % of
hospital beds.
 Wards
Requirements: design:

Attendant area near

Beds. beds.
Toilets. Soft partitions.
Nursing units. Not more than 8 beds in
one ward.
Kitchen.
Separate male and
Doctor area. female wards.
Waiting lounge. Close to the laundry.
Store.
Lockers.
Mortuary division:

Location:
In the ground floor or basement floor.
Exit from emergency entrance or service entrance.
Administration

Requirement:
C.E office.
Washrooms.
Record room.
Accounts.
Admission area.
Kitchen.
Clerical staff.
Lockers.
Store.
Conference room.
Waiting lounge.

Design:
Nearer to the entrance.
Close to emergency.
 Services
Admitting Department:
It includes:
Admitting, transfer and discharge of patients.
Reception and information.
Coordinates patients arrival, registration, medical records and
initial tests.
This information is transmitted to the medical staff, nursing
units, business office and laboratories.
Efficiency:
It is measured by:
Time of waiting.
Confidentiality.
Simple procedure and form.
Concern and courtesy of staff.
Escorting patients through service department to their rooms.
Function:
Admit, transfer and discharge patients.
Interviewing.
Compute and arrange for payment.
Transfer information to the related departments.
Maintain a bed index showing current occupancy status.
Arrangement of patient to diagnostic or test areas.
If computerized, patients are proceeded directly to the
departments.
Location:
Should be situated on the same level as the hospitals main entrance.
Readily identifiable.
Provided with a sign.
Close to emergency, outdoor, medical records, laboratory, radiology and cashiers
booth.
Should be near the main vertical circulation of the hospital.

Design:
Should take place in a pleasant and comfortable environment.
Assured privacy and individual attention of patients.
Special consideration to dcor, furniture that is pleasing to the eye.
Should not be through the main lobby or midst of heavy traffic.
The main public entrance, public telephones, toilets, coolers, information
desk, elevators, wheelchair storage area and cashiers booth should be
conveniently located for the use of patients and visitors.
Appropriate space for the patients belongings.
Space requirement:

Admitting patients waiting area should be large

enough.
Reception area for clerks who receive patients.
Admitting offices.
Office of the chief of admitting.
Clerical work area for maintaining hospital occupancy
directories, record, forms, notices, etc.
Small safe or shelves.
Wheelchair and stretcher area.
Supplies room.
Space for computers and office equipment.
Medical Records Department:
It maintains records and documents related to patient care.
Primary purpose is to render service to patients, medical staff
and hospital administration.
Widely used for teaching and research purposes.
Every hospital should formulate policies, rules and regulations for
the production, completion and maintenance of medical records.

Efficiency:
Accuracy of information.
Timely availability.

Basic principles:
They must be accurately written.
Properly filed.
Easily accessible.
Function:
Planning, developing and directing a medical record system.
Maintaining proper facilities and services for accurate and timely process.
Preparing vital records of births, deaths, diseases etc.
Admissions and discharges.
Safeguarding the information.

Location:
Should be close to admitting department, outdoor, emergency and the
business office.
Should be close to or on the corridor leading to doctors lounge so that the
medical staff can conveniently stop by and complete their records and study
cases.
Types:
Numbering system.
Filing system.
Space requirements:
Reception area.
Offices.
Space for sectional supervisors.
Work area for record processing, assembling,
numbering, etc.
Record storage for files.
Space for copier.
A room for medical staff to complete records, case
studies, etc.
Sterilization department:
TOTAL AREA APPROX :
3400 sqft
Hospitals-acquired infection remains the hospitals single most
serious concern that negates some of its otherwise good work.
The method involves cleaning, disinfecting and sterilizing the
instruments, materials and equipment before using them.
It is performed by heating them with pressurized steam or gas
sterilization, known as autoclaving.

Objectives:
It services the nursing units, o.t, ICU, labor and delivery suites,
nursery, etc.
Primary activity is sterilizing, storing and distributing the
dressings, needles and syringes, gloves, etc.
Function:
Sterilizing.
Receiving and sorting soiled material.
Determining whether the items should be reused or discarded.
Carrying out specialized cleaning of equipment and supplies.
Inspecting and testing instruments, equipment and linen.
Assembling treatment trays, linen packing.
Packing all materials for sterilizing.

Location:
Should be closed to those departments which use its services
the most.
Generally they are surgical departments, recovery room,
diagnostic and nursing units.
Should be located in the service core area.
 Design:

Should be designed in clean up areas.

Physically separated from the rest of the departments.
Should have a separate entrance.

Space requirement:

Disinfection area.
Facilities for washing and sanitizing carts.
Staff change room, lockers, toilets, etc.
Supervisors office.
Clean work area.
Assembling area.
Supply storage area.
High vacuum steam and gas sterilizers.
Provision for supply of steam, hot and cold water and other utilities.
REFERENCE: http://www.slideshare.net/NcDas/planning-for-a-new-
hospital?related=2
pharmacy:
Function:
Purchase, receive, store, package, label and pharmaceutical
items.
Serves as a source of drug information to physicians,
pharmacists and other health care professionals and patients,.
Participate in educational programs of hospitals.
Provide pharmacy students practical training.

Location:
Flow of outpatient traffic through the hospital.
Flow of drugs and other raw materials into the pharmacy.
Flow of drugs into the departments.
Conveniently accessible.
Located on ground floor.
Design:
A pharmacy has four basic functional areas:
The dispensing area.
The production or preparation area.
The administrative area.
The storage area.

Space requirement:
Patient waiting area.
Dispensing counter.
Active storage.
Refrigerated storage.
Work counters and shelves.
Security.
Sinks and hand wash facilities.
Alcohol and narcotics secured storage.
Storage for general supplies, equipment, etc.
Food service department:

Functions:

Provide the best food.

Receive supplies, check their quantity and quality and store, assemble and
distribute food.
Plan menus, preparing and serving food.
Impart instruction to nurses, medical students and interns.
Guides about the principles of nutrition and diet therapy.

Location:

A food service department located below the ground level is to have a deleterious
effect on the quality of food.
A ground floor location is more preferable.
It should be close to the materials management department.
Easy access to vertical transportation system for patients.
Cafeteria and dinning should be close to the food preparation area.
Convenient access to the staff.
Design:

Storage rooms should not be far from the work area.

Good arrangement for the preparation and production areas for work flow.
Less travelling distance.
Avoid unnecessary steps.
Logical work flow, receiving supplies, storing and refrigerating, preparing
and serving food, returning trays and washing dishes.

Functional areas:

Receiving area and control station.

Storage and refrigerating rooms.
Preparation and production areas.
Serving room.
Food delivery.
Dishwashing area.
Coffee shop and snack bar.
Space requirement:
Managers office.
Cabinets and seating for visitors.
Receiving and delivering area.
Fridge, coolers, store and dry storage.
Cooking area.
Tray assembling area.
Dishwashing area.
Deep sinks and hand washing areas.
Lockers and staff toilets.
Dinning hall and self service area.
Private dinning for officers, medical staff, special guests, etc.
Coffee shop and snack bar preferably off site.
Good supervision is necessary.
Laundry service:
A reliable laundry service is the utmost importance to
the hospital.
In todays hospitals, patients expect daily linen changes.
The hospitals should have sufficient quantity of linen for
circulation.

Function:
Collection of soiled and infected linen.
Washing, disinfecting, ironing and folding linen.
Inspection and repair of damaged articles.
Assembling and packing special items and linen packs
for sterilization.
Location:
Natural daylight and ventilation.
On the ground floor connected to the power plant as it needs power, steam and
water.
Shortest route for the movement of linen.
Close to service elevators.

Design:
It should be planned in accordance with the work sequence, receiving, processing
and dispatching.
There should be a strict barrier separation between the normally soiled linen and
infected linen.
Easy supply of water, power, steam and compressed air.

Space requirements:
Reception for receiving, storing of linen.
Processing room.
Sewing, inspection and mending area.
 Entrances and circulation
Entrances:
Patient visitors entrance.
External clinics entrance.
Emergency entrance.
Service entrance.
Mortuary entrance.

REFERENCE: http://www.slideshare.net/NcDas/planning-for-a-new-
hospital?related=2
REFERENCE: http://www.slideshare.net/NcDas/planning-for-a-new-
hospital?related=2
INTERIOR
CONSIDERATIONS
INTERIOR FINISHES
The integration of natural materials, related to the region, should
be used. The materials in the public spaces may include stone,
tile, plaster, wood and glass. The palettes should be consist of a
warm neutral architectural envelope with accent materials and
colors using wood, glass and textures for beauty as well as
wayfinding.
Patient areas should be designed using calm and soothing colors
with accent colors, textures and screens to provide interest and
delight. Nurse stations and other built in desks should be curved
and welcoming, utilizing solid surface materials for durability and
contrast.
Throughout the facilities, ceiling materials should be utilized with
acoustic properties, locating noisy functions away from quiet
restful and healing areas. Given the variety of patients, each
SITE CONSIDERATIONS
SITE SELECTION
Availability of sufficient land depending on size of the
hospital and its future expansion.
500 beds 50 acre
Must have good approaching roads.
Soil condition suitable for construction, Not land fill
area.
Proper drainage of rain water.
Subsoil water and mineral level.

REFERENCE: http://www.slideshare.net/NcDas/planning-for-a-new-
hospital?related=2
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY
Area must have clear sun shine, avoid big buildings,
trees near by.
Climate should be moderate
No near by noise or smoke emitting industries.
Flow of fresh air.
Away from roads with heavy traffic.

REFERENCE: http://www.slideshare.net/NcDas/planning-for-a-new-
hospital?related=2
TRANSPORT AND
COMMUNICATION
Better to have close access to rail head or bus
stand.
24 hours public transport and private taxis
available.
Near by telephone exchange/line with adequate
number of pairs.
Easy access to transmission towers for
uninterrupted communication.

REFERENCE: http://www.slideshare.net/NcDas/planning-for-a-new-
hospital?related=2
ORIENTATION
The most suitable orientation for treatment and
operating rooms is between north-west and north-east.
For nursing ward facades, south to south-east is
favorable: pleasant morning sun, minimal heat build-up,
little requirement for sun shading, mild in the evenings.
East and west facing rooms have comparatively deeper
sun penetration, though less winter sun. the orientation
of wards in hospitals with a short average stay is not so
important.
Some specialist disciplines might require rooms on the
north side so that patients are not subjected to direct
sunlight.