EARLY BEGINNINGS

OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
BEGAN with EARLY
Agriculture between
7,000 and 12,000
years ago.
Ex. They found out that the
boiling hooves, a very strong
glue could be made and use
for binding animals skins
together to make clothing
and shelter
In this period where
animals and plants
products were traded
developed into system
where money exchanged
in hands. Eventually
barter system led to
financial systems where
money exchanged hands.
ENZYME called Rennin-
>started the process
of coagulation that
form cheese.
FERMENTAT
ION- one of
the first
method in
storing of
fruit juice
such as
grape.
YEAST-
substance
used in
making
bread that
makes the
bread rise
 Discovery of Cells
1665- ROBErt Hooke-
removed a very thin
slice of cork and
examined it under
microscope. He
observed tiny spaces
that looked like small
rooms where prisoners
in jails and called these
structures cells.
a French scientist developed means
of preventing animals from
contracting diseases.

VACCINES-helped create
environments where
animals could be raised
disease free.
Scottish scientist was studying bacteria when one of his culture plates
became contaminated with mold called Penicillium.

Penicillin-first
antibiotic
discovered by
Alexander
fleming,extracte
d from
penicillium mold.
Artificial Insemination- 1950s-adding a
the injection of semen into the vagina or uterus other
than by sexual intercourse
protective agent
this technology was
first used in the that allowed
middle ages by arabs
who collected semens semen to be
from stallions
belonging to their frozen at
enemies and bred
their own mares to temperature
produce superior
foals. The technology reaching 320
began to be used on a
large scale in the degrees F
united states in
1930s. perfected the
technique.
-became widespread it allowed the use of superior females to
produce multiple offspring, which, when combined with artificial
insemination, allowed very rapid progress in the production of
superior animals.

refers to a step in the

process of assisted
reproduction in
which embryos are
placed into the uterus of
a female with the intent
to establish a
pregnancy.
 Vertical Gene
Transfer-the
transmission
ofgenesfrom
the parental
generation to
offspring via
sexual or
asexual
reproduction.
the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an
organism by manipulating its genetic material.

1980s-the real application for

knowledge and process was put to
use. During this time, scientist
discovered how to transfer bits of
genetic information from one
organism to another, allowing the
expression of desirable traits in the
recipient organism in the process
known as Genetic engineering.
Horizontal gene transfer
refers to the transfer of
genes between organisms
in a manner other than
traditional reproduction.
 Removal of
gene from
one
organism
and
successfully
transplant it
into another