Inisiasi I

Bahasa Inggris I/MKDU4107

 Synonims and Antonyms

Synonyms adalah suatu kata yang memiliki bentuk yang

berbeda namun memiliki arti atau pengertian yang sama
atau mirip.
Synonyms bisa disebut juga dengan persamaan kata atau
padanan kata.

Sedangkan antonym adalah suatu kata yang artinya

berlawanan satu sama lain. Antonim disebut juga dengan
lawan kata.
 Contoh Synonyms

Synonyms
angry = mad law=rule choose = pick right=correct
assist=help lucky=fortunate close = shut order=sequence
bad = awful mix=stir connect = join rich=wealthy
begin = start object=thing combine = mix tell=say
below = under observe=watch conclusion=endi raise=lift
ng
bother = annoy name=title dad=father rescue=save
buy = purchase quiet=silent data=informatio thin=narrow
n
dirt = soil trade=swap get=receive labor=work
find=locate trash=garbage image=picture reliable=depend
able
easy=simple unusual=strang imitate=copy praise=complim
e ent
equal=same watch=observe intelligent=sma last= final
rt
 Mari berlatih

Pilihlah synonym dari kata yang dicetak miring di bawah ini:

1. The most popular game at the beginning of the school year is football.
A. race B. play C. competition D. exhibition

2. Many visitors to the Bali island buy the statues and the painting.
A. sell B. purchase C. barter D. shop

3. Usually they talk about the housework, cooking, cleaning, and shopping.
A. discuss B. say C. ignore D. argue

4. For me, these are the easiest things to learn.

A. teach B. educate C. study D. train

5. Balinese sculptors are very skillful.

A. helpful B. expert C. intelligent D. clever
 Bagaimana? Dapatkah Anda
menemukan jawaban yang
benar?

Ok, good. Cocokkan jawaban Anda

pada kunci jawaban berikut.
1. play
2. purchase
3. discuss
4. study
5. expert
 Contoh Antonyms

Antonym
add subtract young old
answer question increase decrease
beginning end attract repel
create destroy cause effect
give take near far
stop go simple complex
certain doubtful positive negative
easy difficult guilty innocent
hello goodbye stimulus response;
up down fire hire
loud quiet probable unlikely
 Mari berlatih

Pilihlah antonym dari kata yang dicetak miring di bawah ini:

1. She was a little excited waiting for the announcement.

A. bored B. boring C. interested D. interesting

2. He used prof. Charless idea and added the use of electricity.

A. disuse B. work C. function D. misuse

3. Kartinis father did not allow her to continue her study.

A. approve B. permit C. forbid D. let

4. She began to weep because she was angry and disappointed.

A. happy B. sad C. agree D. satisfied

5. The United State and Russia will reduce stockpiles of nuclear weapons.
A. explore B. enlarge C. sharpen D. decrease
 Bagaimana dengan latihan
yang tadi, mudah kan?

Ok, good. Cocokkan jawaban Anda

pada kunci jawaban berikut.
1. bored
2. disuse
3. forbid
4. satisfied
5. enlarge
 Homonyms

Homonym adalah suatu kata yang memiliki makna yang

berbeda tetapi lafal atau ejaan sama.
Contoh: Homonym Homonym
ate eight knead need
be bee marry merry
beach beech none nun
beat beet one won
blew blue overdo overdue
buy by knot not
cell sell oar or
cent sent flea flee
site sight flew flu
close clothes flour flower
dear deer for four
die dye knew new
fair fare hair hare
feat feet know no
 Mari berlatih

Pilihlah homonym dari kata yang dicetak miring di bawah ini:

1. Marissa has just recovered, she is still weak.

A. wick B. quick C. wake D. week

2. She always tries to be the best in her class.

A. bee B. by C. bye D. beer

3. I always lose words whenever I meet her.

A. list B. lost C. loose D. lush

4. Mr. Hasan dedicates his whole life for education.

A. hall B. hole C. haul D. hold

5. She tried to wean him away from taking drugs.

A. win B. wind C. wine D. whine
 Bagaimana? Dapatkah Anda
menemukan jawabannya yang
benar?

Ok, good. Cocokkan jawaban Anda

pada kunci jawaban berikut.
1. week
2. bee
3. loose
4. hole
5. win
 Hyponyms
Hyponyms adalah suatu kata atau frase yang maknanya
tercakup dalam kata atau frase yang lebih umum
(superordinate)
Contoh: Superordinate Hyponyms
furniture chair, cupboard, table
living things human, animal, plant
vehicles car, motorcycle, airplane
house door, window, roof
color red, yellow, green
face nose, chin, ear
 Mari berlatih

Pilihlah hyponyms dari kata yang dicetak miring di bawah ini, jawaban
bisa dua atau tiga pilihan kata.

1. Berikut ini adalah hyponym dari aircraft.

A. nose B. cockpit C. hatch

2. Berikut ini adalah hyponym dari bicycle.

A. chain B. peddle C. brake cable

3. Berikut ini adalah hyponym dari medical equipment.

A. stethoscope B. speedometer C. syringe

4. Berikut ini adalah hyponym dari make-up tools.

A. skin cream B. bouquet C. powder-puff

5. Berikut ini adalah hyponym dari bed clothes.

A. spring B. sheet C. bedspread
 Bagaimana dengan latihan tadi?
Dapatkah Anda menemukan
jawabannya?
Ok, good. Cocokkan jawaban Anda
pada kunci jawaban berikut.
1. hyponym dari aircraft nose, cockpit & hatch
2. hyponym dari bicycle chain & brake cable
3. hyponym dari medical equipment stethoscope & syring
4. hyponym dari make-up tools skin cream & powder-puff
5. hyponym dari bed clothes sheet & bedspread
 Ok students, thats our first material on this online
tutorial. You can post your ideas or comments related
to the material in our forum discussion.

Ok then, have a great study

Inisiasi II

Bahasa Inggris I/MKDU4107

 Analysis of Word Formation

Akhiran Bahasa Inggris (suffix)

Suffix (akhiran) adalah kata imbuhan yang terdiri dari satu huruf atau
sekelompok huruf yang melekat di bagian akhir dari suatu kata.

Contoh:
Sing singer happy happiness
Assist assistant friend friendship
Survive survival govern government, etc

Suffix atau akhiran kata dapat dibedakan menjadi akhiran pembentuk

kata sifat, akhiran pembentuk kata benda, akhiran pembentuk kata
kerja, dan akhiran pembentuk kata keterangan.
 Contoh-contoh lainnya:

Akhiran Pembentuk Kata Sifat

Adjective Suffixes
Suffix Meaning Example
-able, -ible capable of being edible, presentable, comfortable
-al, -ical pertaining to regional, magical
-esque reminiscent of picturesque
-ful notable for fanciful
-ious, -ous characterized by nutritious, portentous
-ish having the quality of fiendish, childish
-ive having the nature of creative, reflective
-less without endless, spiritless
-y characterized by sleazy, cloudy
-en made of golden, wooden
 Contoh-contoh lainnya:

Akhiran Pembentuk Kata

Benda
Noun Suffixes
Suffix Meaning Example
-acy state or quality privacy
-al act or process of refusal
-ance, -ence state or quality of maintenance, eminence
-dom place or state of being freedom, kingdom
-er, -or one who trainer, protector
-ism doctrine, belief communism
-ist one who chemist
-ity, -ty quality of veracity
-ment condition of argument
-ness state of being heaviness
-ship position held fellowship
-sion, -tion state of being concession, transition
-ive quality of detective, directive, relative
-ure act, process displeasure, exposure, departure
 Contoh-contoh lainnya:

Akhiran Pembentuk Kata

Kerja
Verb Suffixes
Suffix Meaning Example
-ate make, cause to be stimulate, activate
-en make, cause to be blacken, frighten
-ify, -fy make into, cause to, simplify, glorify, falsify
bring into
-ize, -ise make like, change personalize, categorize,
into popularize
 Contoh-contoh lainnya:

Akhiran Pembentuk Kata

Keterangan

Adverb Suffixes
Suffix Meaning Example
-ly having the quality quickly, slowly, beautifully
of
-ward in the direction of homeward, backward,
afterward
-wise in the manner of clockwise, crosswise,
crabwise
 Awalan Bahasa Inggris
(prefix)
Prefix (awalan) adalah kata imbuhan yang terdiri dari
satu huruf atau sekelompok huruf yang melekat di
bagian awal dari suatu kata (stem).

Prefix memiliki fungsi pembeda arti tetapi tidak

mengubah fungsi gramatikal (jenis kata) nya dalam
kalimat.

Perbedaan antara suffix dan prefix adalah suffix bisa

mengubah jenis kata tetapi hampir tidak mengubah
arti. Sedangkan prefix mengubah arti tetapi tidak
mengubah jenis kata.
 Contoh prefix

Prefix Meaning Example

a-, an not, without amoral, anemia
ambi- double ambiguous, ambivalent
be- make, become befriend, belittle
bi- having two, twice in a bicycle, bi-annual
period
co(m)- together, jointly, also co-operate, co-pilot, complete
dis- not, opposite of disbelieve, disadvantage
e(n)- put in, cause to be endanger, enlarge
fore- before, in front of foretell, foreground
geo- earth geology, geography
homo- the same or like homonym, homogenous
hyper- above, excessive hypercorrect, hyperactive
hypo- under, beneath, less hypocritical, hypothesis
than
i not, without illogical, irrelevant
 Contoh prefix

inter- between international,

intercontinental
mal- bad, wrong, not malfunction, malnutrition
non- not nonsense, non-stop
over- above, excessive overland, overwork
para- along with, next to parallel, paragraph
post- after postgraduate, postscript
pre- before premature, prehistory
pro- forward, for, ahead productive, progress
re- back, again reconfirm, recall
semi- half semi-final, semicolon
 Contoh prefix

sym-, syn- with sympathy, synchronize

sub- under, lower, not subway, sub-tropical
quite
tele- at a distance telephone, television
ultra- beyond ultra-modern, ultrasonic
un- not, negative untruth, uncover
under- not enough underestimate,
undergrowth
uni- one, the same uniform
up- higher state uphill, upgrade
vice- instead of vice-dean, vice-president
well- properly well-informed, well-done
 Akar kata Bahasa Inggris
Akar kata (root) adalah bentuk dasar dari sebuah kata.

Pembentukan kata dalam bahasa Inggris dapat terdiri

dari gabungan antara akar kata dengan awalan atau
akhiran (root + prefix/suffix) ; atau akar kata dengan
akar kata yang lain (root + root).

Contoh:
Root + root + suffix = astro + nom + y = astronomy
Root + suffix = log + ical = logical
Prefix + root + suffix = tele + vis + ion = television
 Contoh root

Roots Meaning Example

act-, ag- do, drive, force, lead exacting, agitate
annu-, enni- year annual, anniversary, centennial
apt-, ept- skill, fitness, ability adapt, aptitude, inept, adept
art- skill, craft artificial, artifact
bi two bicycle, bifocals, biceps, billion,
binary, bivalve, bimonthly,
bigamy, bimetal, biathlete,
bicarbonate
clud, clus to close include, exclude, clause, enclose,
claus exclusive, conclude, preclude
contra, against, opposite contradict, counteract, contravene,
counter contrary, contrast, controversy,
cycl circle, wheel bicycle, cyclical, cycle, motorcycle,
tricycle
duc, duct to lead, pull produce, product, induct, deduct,
reduce, induce
 Contoh root

eu good, euphoria, euphemism

pleasant
esce becoming adolescent, obsolescent
flect, flex to bend flexible, reflection, deflect, circumflex,
inflection, reflex
graph, gram to write polygraph, grammar, biography, telegram,
autograph, graphic, monogram
homo same homogenized, homosexual, homonym,
homophone
in, im not inviolate, innocent, impossible, incapable,
incoherent, impregnable
mis bad, badly misinform, misinterpret, mispronounce,
mistake, mistrial, misread
non not nonfat, nonfiction, nonprofit, nonsense,
nonentity
 Contoh root

phon sound telephone, phonics, phonograph, phonetic,

homophone, microphone
re back, again regain, reflect, rename, restate, recombine,
recalculate, redo
semi half semifinal, semiconscious, semiannual,
semimonthly, semicircle
tele distance, from television, telephone, telegraph, telepathy,
afar teleconference
un not uncooked, unintended, unhappy,
unenlightened, unremarkable
ven, to use adventure, convenient, event
vent
Thats our second material on this online tutorial. You
can post your ideas or comments related to the
material in our forum discussion.

Have a great study

Inisiasi III

Bahasa Inggris I/MKDU4107

 References

Referensi (reference) adalah cara untuk menghubungkan kalimat-

kalimat yang secara struktur bahasa independen agar mendapatkan
pemahaman yang utuh dari suatu teks.

Reference merujuk pada sesuatu yang telah disebutkan atau merujuk

pada sesuatu yang akan disebutkan kemudian dalam sebuah teks.

Kata-kata yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan kalimat-kalimat

(cohesion devices) antara lain:

Kata penunjuk this, that, those, these, etc

Kata ganti it, he, she, we, they, I, you, etc
Kata kepunyaan its, his, her, our, their, my ,your
Kata sambung who, whom, that, where, which
dan masih banyak lagi.
Contoh:
Cleopatra was legendary. She was famous not only for her
breathtaking beauty but also for her great intellect.
She had brown eyes and they were shaped like cat eyes.
She had a reputation as an extraordinarily sensuous
woman.

Pada contoh di atas she dan her yang dicetak miring dan
tebal merujuk pada Cleopatra.
 Contoh lain:

Easter Island is in the South Pacific. It is 3,700 kilometres from the coast of
Chile. On the island, there are 600 large statues. We don't know who built
them but they were probably constructed between 1150 and 1500. We
don't really know why they are there. The Norwegian explorer, Thor
Heyerdahl, believed that they were built by people from South America. To
prove this, he made a simple raft and sailed there, all the way from Peru.

Pada baris pertama it merujuk pada Easter Island, yaitu sesuatu yang telah
disebutkan sebelumnya.

Pada baris kedua We merujuk pada kita, yaitu pembaca, sedangkan them
merujuk pada statues yaitu sesuatu yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya.
Jika kita artikan kalimatnya yaitu Di pulau itu ada 600 patung besar. Kita
tidak tahu siapa yang membuat mereka (patung-patung tersebut)
sehingga kata ganti them merujuk pada statues (patung-patung).
 Pada baris keempat he merujuk pada Thor Heyerdahl yaitu penjelajah
asal Norwegia.

Jika kita terjemahkan kalimatnya Seorang penjelajah asal Norwegia,

Thor Heyerdahl, percaya bahwa patung-patung itu dibuat oleh orang-
orang yang berasal dari Amerika Selatan. Untuk membuktikan ini,
dia (si Thor Heyerdahl ) membuat sebuah rakit dan berlayar
sepanjang pulau itu.

Sehingga jika kita simpulkan:

It refers to Easter Island
 Sensitizing

Untuk dapat memahami sebuah kalimat, adalah penting bagi kita

untuk dapat mengidentifikasi struktur dari kalimat tersebut yaitu yang
mana subjectnya, verb nya, dan object nya. Sehingga dengan demikian
sebuah kalimat akan dapat mudah dipahami maknanya.

Subject, verb, dan object dapat dikatakan bagian dasar dari sebuah
kalimat.
Subject biasanya berbentuk kata benda (noun) dapat berupa
seseorang, tempat, atau sesuatu.

Verb mengikuti subject dan menunjukkan sebuah tindakan, sedangkan

object, mengikuti verb dan menerima tindakan.
 Contoh

The girls hurled stones.

The Girls subject
Hurled verb
Stones object

The professor swigged coffee.

The professor subject
Swigged verb
Coffee object
 Contoh lain, perhatikan paragraf
berikut.

Not all labour activities are convinced that the wave of new members recruited by Mr. Blair will
stay in the party if the government hits hard times; nor, if they do, that they will be the same
acquiescent cheerleaders they are now.

Dari paragraph di atas dapat kita uraikan beberapa subject dan verb nya dari paragraf di atas
sebagai berikut.

Labour activities are convinced

Labour activities subject
are convinced verb

New members will stay

New members subject
will stay verb

The government hits

The government subject
hits verb
Thats our third material on this online tutorial. You
can post your ideas or comments related to the
material in our forum discussion and dont forget to
submit your first assignment.

Have a great study

Inisiasi IV

Bahasa Inggris I/MKDU4107

 PREVIEWING TEXT

Previewing text merupakan bagian penting dalam proses

pre reading karena kegiatan itu membantu pembaca untuk

menyegarkan kembali latar belakang pengetahuan pembaca

terhadap sebuah topik dan kemudian menghubungkannya

dengan artikel yang akan dibacanya.

Previewing text dapat dilakukan melalui: membaca cepat
(skimming), membaca sepintas keseluruhan (scanning),
memvisualisasi, menghubungkan dengan latar belakang
pengetahuan, dan menyimpulkan.

Manfaat previewing text adalah membantu kita

untuk fokus pada awal proses membaca sehingga
kita dapat mengkaitkan informasi yang sedang kita
baca dengan pengetahuan yang kita miliki. Dengan
demikian kita akan dapat memahami dengan baik
artikel yang sedang kita baca.
 Proses
Previewing Text
Lihat judul artikel tebak kira-kira artikel tersebut tentang
apa

Lihat siapa penulisnya misalnya penulis terkenal atau

biasa, jenis kelamin apa

Gambar-gambar apa saja yang tertera dalam artikel tersebut

petunjuk apa yang bisa ditebak dari gambar tersebut
berkaitan dengan artikel
 Mari kita
berlatih
Dilihat dari daftar isi (content), dapat kah
Lihatlah contoh berikut.
Anda menebak judul majalah tersebut
THE PEAK A. Tentang gunung-gunung di dunia
contents B. Tentang puncak-puncak terkenal di
dunia
VIEW FROM THE PEAK 8
C. Tentang tempat-tempat tujuan wisata
A CURRENT SITUATION 23
D. Tentang pemerintahan negara-negara di
Sailing to Bora Bora Eropa

JOURNEY OF 36 Ya, dari content nya kita dapat menyimpulkan

DISCOVERY bahwa
On common ground majalah tersebut menceritakan mengenai
tempat-tempat
THE CALL OF THE WILD 54 tujuan wisata. Bukan mengenai gunung-
On the Himalaya trail gunung atau
puncak-puncak di dunia, karena tidak semua
isi content
membicarakan tentang gunung dan puncak.
 Contoh
lain
Perhatikan index Pada halaman berapakah Anda dapat
majalah berikut. menemukan jawaban-jawaban dari pertanyaan-
DEPARTMENTS pertanyaan berikut?
Periscope 3 1. Is it true that now we can drive with two
New Products 3 hands while we are telephoning?
Opinion: George F. 4 A. 3 B. 4 C. 10 D. 11
Will
The Mail 10 2. Is there any letters about the articles on
Perspectives 11 Japanese Cars: born in the USA?
B. 11 B. 10 C. 35 D. 64
Newsmakers 35
Transition 35
3. Is it true that Elizabeth Taylor undergoes
Interview: Hubert 64 another surgery?
Reeves C. 10 B. 11 C. 35 D. 64

4. Is it true that MBA schools do not teach

business management but they serve as fancy
cooperate hiring halls?
A. 10 B. 11 C. 35 D. 4
 Diskusi

A) Pertanyaan tersebut menanyakan masalah telepon mobil yang

merupakan suatu produk baru. Oleh karena itu kita dapat
menemukannya di halaman 3.

B) Pertanyaan tersebut menanyakan masalah surat-surat, maka

artikel tersebut ada di

halaman 10.

C). Elizabeth Taylor merupakan seorang bintang yang identik dengan

membuat berita,
Thats our fourth material on this online tutorial. You can
post your ideas or comments related to the material in our
forum discussion.

Have a great study

Inisiasi V

Bahasa Inggris I/MKDU4107

 Anticipation Guide

Adalah cara untuk mempersiapkan pembaca terhadap sebuah

bacaan dengan memberikan serangkaian pertanyaan atau
pernyataan kepada pembaca berkaitan dengan isi bacaan.

Tujuan anticipation guide adalah untuk:

Menghubungkan pengetahuan yang telah dimiliki pembaca
dengan informasi baru untuk memperluas pemahaman
Menimbulkan minat terhadap bacaan yang bertujuan untuk
menciptakan sebuah diskusi tentang bacaan tersebut
Menciptakan kemungkinan pengintegrasian pengajaran
reading dan writing
 Anticipation Guide

Anticipation Guide dapat digunakan untuk:

Memperkirakan tema sebuah tulisan sebelum membacanya
Memperkirakan isi sebuah teks dari judulnya
Memperkirakan isi sebuah berita dalam surat kabar dari
judul Headlines nya

Mari kita berlatih bagaimana melakukan Anticipation Guide

 Anticipation Guide

Memperkirakan tema sebuah tulisan sebelum membacanya

Dalam latihan ini pertanyaan dimunculkan lebih dahulu sebelum

membaca teks.

Ex: Before you read about drugs, answer the following questions:
1. Are drugs always bad?
2. Is there any positive function of drugs? Who uses it?
3. Why do people use drugs?
4. What is the impact of getting addicted?

Cara anticipation guide:

. Tulis jawaban Anda pada selembar kertas tanpa melihat teks
terlebih dahulu
. Setelah itu Anda baca teks nya
. Bandingkan antisipasi (jawaban) Anda dengan teks nya, apakah
sama atau berbeda.
 Anticipation Guide

Bagaimana? Sudah Anda tuliskan anticipation guide nya? Ok, nanti

Anda cocokkan dengan teks setelah Anda membaca teks lengkapnya.

Berikut teks lengkapnya

 Anticipation Guide
Drugs

Illegal drugs are always bad. Theres no good use for sniffing glue or snorting
heroin. But many drugs were developed as medications by doctors to help treat
patients with very specific medical conditions. And for those people, drugs
make sense. Unfortunately, many of these drugs are used by people who dont
need them. Which, if you think about it, it is kind of like going chemotherapy
when you dont have cancer.

Many people dont become addicted to drugs, but may continue to drugs for the
same reasons they started: because they want to fit in, because they want to
escape, because they are bored, whatever. These are people who have issues
with insecurity, and are scared or unwilling to deal with problem in a straight-
up, intelligent way-like talking to friends, counselors, even parents!

For other people, once theyve started taking drugs, they become physically or
mentally addicted. They want more-in facts, they feel like they need more.
Eventually, trying to get drugs becomes the most important thing in their lives,
using up all their time, money, and energy, and really hurting people theyre
close to.
 Anticipation Guide

Bagaimana? Mari cocokkan jawaban Anda dengan teks

berikut.

1. I think so
2. Yes, a doctor or someone who knows how they are for and
the dosage uses them for medical treatment.
3. Probably they want to try out for the first time because as
a human being we always want to try something new.
Another reason maybe they want to escape from their
problem and drugs provide a quick way to forget anything
their problem.
4. We cannot live without them. We cannot make money or do
something well because all we need is drugs. People will
lose their jobs, family, and even their lives.
 Anticipation Guide

Memperkirakan isi sebuah teks dari judulnya

Dalam latihan ini Anda membaca terlebih dahulu judul dari sebuah
teks, kemudian Anda menebak kira-kira teks tersebut tentang apa.
Ex: The text you are going to read is entitled Therapy Gives Pupils
Hope
Can you guess what the text might be about? Tick the boxes
corresponding
Going toto what you think are possible ideas.
a doctor
Children therapy
School and students
relationship
Treatment in dealing
with extraordinary
students
How to encourage
students motivation
Students of Vocational
School
Students research in
United States
Scholarship in America
 Anticipation Guide

Mari cocokkan jawaban Anda dengan teks berikut.

Therapy Gives Pupils Hope
Higashi school expound a revolutionary philosophy for dealing with
autistic children. The schools, whose title is derived from the Japanese
word for hope, act on a principle called daily life therapy, which was
pioneered in 1969 in Tokyo by Kiyo Kitahara.
The therapy is intensive and aims to encourage independence. It is
based on the principle that self-awareness leaves the children less
isolated and frightened.
Teachers at the two schools, in Boston and Tokyo, are
uncompromising in their expectations of the pupils, who range in age
from three to 22. They are encouraged to express themselves through
painting and music, and also to run around, shout and scream to burn
off excess energy-an approach criticized by educationists.
So far, 50 British families have sent their children to the Boston
academy. Many are now in mainstream schools in Britain with some
educational support. Some were unable to talk or do anything for
 Anticipation Guide

Nah, bagaimana jawaban

Going to a doctor Anda? Banyak benar nya atau
Children therapy salah nya?
School and students
relationship
Treatment in dealing Ternyata teks yang berjudul
with extraordinary
students
Therapy Gives Pupils Hope
How to encourage tersebut tidak berkaitan
students motivation
Students of Vocational
dengan Going to a doctor,
School Students of Vocational
Students research in School, and Scholarship in
United States
Scholarship in America America.
 Anticipation Guide

Memperkirakan isi sebuah berita dalam surat kabar dari

judul Headlines nya

Sama dengan latihan sebelumnya Anda membaca terlebih

dahulu judul (Headlines) dari sebuah teks, kemudian Anda
menebak kira-kira teks tersebut tentang apa.

1. are
Ex: The headline of the text you A bicycle racer
going to read killed by
is entitled
his rival
Bicyclists Dies in Metrobus Accident.
Petunjuk untuk menjawab soal:2. Traffic accidents killed a
A. Jika (1) dan (2) benar bicyclist
B. Jika (1) dan (3) benar 3. A city bus hit a bicycle
C. Jika (2) dan (3) benar
D. Jika semua benar
 Here is the text.

Bicyclists Dies in Metrobus Accident.

By Perry Bacon Jr
Washington Post Staff Writer
Sunday, July 29, 2001: Page C04

An identified woman died yesterday after a Metrobus struck her while she
was riding a bicycle in front of a bus terminal in Northwest Washington,
police said. The bus hit the woman who had been bicycling on the sidewalk
as she was riding in the terminals driveway, said Metro spokeswoman
Cheryl Johnson.
The accident occurred about 1:05 p.m The woman was taken to
Washington Hospital Center, where she was pronounced dead about 1:25
p.m. Police said the cause of the accidents remains under investigation.
Johnson identified the driver of the bus as Isaaih Williams, 24. She said
Williams had been driving buses for Metro for more than a year. Johnson said
Metro has placed Williams on administrative leave pending an investigation
and a drug test, the transit agencys standard policy in such cases.
 Anticipation Guide

Mari cek jawaban Anda

Ya, Anda benar jika jawaban Anda adalah B, yaitu Traffic
accidents killed a bicyclist dan A city bus hit a bicycle.

Dua hal kalimat tersebut merupakan tema dari headline

Bicyclists Dies in Metrobus Accident.

Thats our fifth material on this online tutorial. You

can post your ideas or comments related to the
material in our forum discussion and dont forget to
submit your second assignment.

Have a great study

Inisiasi VI

Bahasa Inggris I/MKDU4107

 SKIMMING

Skimming adalah teknik (keterampilan) membaca cepat

untuk mendapatkan ide pokok atau hal-hal penting dari
suatu bacaan.

Dalam skimming proses membaca dilakukan

secara melompat-lompat dengan melihat pokok-
pokok pikiran utama dalam bahan bacaan sambil
memahami tema besarnya.
 Langkah-langkah skimming
Baca judul, sub judul dan subheading untuk mencari tahu apa
yang
dibicarakan teks tersebut.
Perhatikan ilustrasi (gambar atau foto, jika ada) agar Anda
mendapatkan
informasi lebih jauh tentang topik tersebut.
Baca awal dan akhir kalimat setiap paragraph
Jangan membaca kata per kata. Biarkan mata Anda melakukan
skimming
kulit luar sebuah teks. Carilah kata kunci atau keyword-nya
 Tujuan skimming
Untuk mengenali topik bacaan.

Untuk mengetahui pendapat orang (opini). Misalnya,

tulisan tajuk surat kabar;
anda mungkin cukup membaca paragraf pertama atau
akhir yang biasanya
memuat kesimpulan yang dibuat oleh penulisnya
(redaksi)

Untuk mendapatkan bagian penting yang kita perlukan

tanpa membaca
seluruhnya. Anda perlu melihat semua bahan itu untuk
memilih ide yang bagus,
tetapi tidak membaca secara lengkap.
Mari berlatih skimming
 SKIMMING
Bacalah paragraf di bawah ini.
Patrick Henry is considered one of the great patriots of America's early
history. He was a leader in every protest against British tyranny and in every
movement for colonial rights, openly speaking against the unfair taxation
and overly burdensome regulation simposed upon the American colonists by
the British Parliament.
In March 1775, Patrick Henry urged his fellow Virginians to arm
themselves in self-defense. He spoke boldly in Richmond, Virginia, during the
meeting of the state legislature. He closed that famous speech with the
immortal words, "I know not what course others may take; but as for me,
give me liberty or give me death."

Judul yang tepat untuk paragraf di atas adalah

A. The Speeches of Patrick Henry
B. A leader of great patriot
C. Early American Patriots
D. History of the Virginia Legislature
 SKIMMING
Bagaimana? Apa jawaban Anda?

Jika Anda menjawab C, Early American Patriot, Anda benar.

Karena secara garis besar paragraf tersebut menceritakan
tentang kepahlwanan Patrick Henry.

Kalimatnya yang mengatakan Give me liberty or give me

death, mengindikasikan bahwa dia ingin berperang untuk
kemenangan negaranya. Inilah ide pokok dari paragraf ini,
pilihan lain tidak mengarah kepada ide ini.

Mari lihat contoh berikutnya

 SKIMMING
The Use of electronic mail (e-mail) has been widespread for more
than a decade. E-mail simplifies the flow of ideas, connects people
from distant offices, eliminates the need for meetings, and often
boosts productivity. However, e-mail should be carefully managed to
avoid unclear and inappropriate communication. E-mail messages
should be concise and limited to one topic. When complex issues
need to be addressed, phone calls are still best.

Judul yang tepat untuk paragraf di atas adalah

A. Appropriate Use of E-Mail
B. E-Mail's Popularity
C. E-Mail: The Ideal Form of Communication
D. Why Phone Calls Are Better Than E-Mail
 SKIMMING
Do you love hamburgers? Do you know how they were created?
The first hamburgers in U.S. history were served in New Haven, Connecticut, at
Louis' Lunch sandwich shop in 1895. Louis Lassen, founder of Louis' Lunch, ran a
small lunch wagon selling steak sandwiches to local factory workers. Because he
didn't like to waste the excess beef from his daily lunch rush, he ground it up,
grilled it, and served it between two slices of bread and America's first hamburger
was created.
The small Crown Street luncheonette is still owned and operated by third and
fourth generations of the Lassen family. Hamburgers are still the specialty of the
house, where steak is ground fresh each day and hand molded, slow cooked,
broiled vertically, and served between two slices of toast with your choice of only
three "acceptable" garnishes: cheese, tomato, and onion.

Judul yang tepat untuk paragraf di atas adalah

A. Lassen family
B. Louis' Lunch
C. America's first hamburger
D. The story of hamburger
 SKIMMING
Bagaimana? Setelah Anda membaca kedua teks tersebut, dapatkah
Anda menemukan judul yang tepat untuk masing-masing teks?

Jika jawaban Anda adalah A. Appropriate Use of E-Mail untuk teks

pertama, Anda benar. Secara umum (keseluruhan) teks tersebut
berfokus pada penggunaan E-Mail yang tepat maupun yang tidak
tepat.

Sedangkan untuk teks kedua, Anda menjawab B. Louis Lunch maka

jawaban Anda benar. Prase Louis Lunch merupakan gambaran umum
dari teks tersebut.
 SKIMMING

Sekarang kita berlanjut ke keterampilan selanjutnya yaitu

mencari ide pokok (main idea) dari sebuah paragraf.

Ide pokok (main idea) umumnya berada pada awal atau akhir
kalimat.
Ide pokok (main idea) merupakan gagasan pokok yang
merupakan inti dari suatu paragraf .

Mari berlatih

Baca dan tentukan ide pokok dari paragraf-paragraf berikut

 SKIMMING
1. Bicycles are very popular today in many countries. Many people use bicycle for
exercise. But exercises is only on of the reasons why bicycle are popular. Another
reason is money. Bicycles are not expensive to buy. They do not need gas to make
them. They are also easy and cheap too fix. In cities, many people like bicycle better
than cars. With bicycle, they never have to wait in traffic. They also do not have to
find a place to park. Finally, bicycles do not cause any pollution!

Main idea of the paragraph is

A. Bicycles do not cause pollution
B. Bicycles are better than cars
C. Bicycles make people healthy
D. Bicycles are popular today for many reason
 SKIMMING

2. English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport

control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the worlds mail
is written in English and more than 60 percent of the worlds radio programs are in
English.

Main idea of the paragraph is

A. English is clearly an international language
B. Pilots and airport control speak English
C. The worlds mail is written in English
D. The worlds radio programs are in English
 SKIMMING

3. Political science is the study of the changing, fluid present, rather than of the
settled-if often obscure-past. Because of the vital, dynamic character of political
science, it is natural that emphasis has shifted, and will continue top shift, from one
aspect or specialty to another. Such changes in emphasis are related to new methods
of research to world happenings and problems.

Main idea of the paragraph is

A. Political science is a study which changes its emphasis
B. Political science is the study of the changing present, rather than of the settled-if
often obscure-past
C. The focus of political science shift according to the development in research
D. Political science is the study of the theory, organization, government, and practice of
the state
 SKIMMING
Setelah Anda baca ketiga paragraf tersebut, dapatkah Anda
menemukan ide pokok (main idea) dari masing-masing
paragraf?

Sekarang cocokkan jawaban Anda dengan jawaban berikut.

1. D. Bicycles are popular today for many reason

2. A. English is clearly an international language
3. B. Political science is the study of the changing present, rather than
of the
settled-if often obscure-past

Ketiga ide pokok tersebut merupakan inti dari masing-masing paragraf. Misalnya
paragraf no 1, semua informasi dalam paragraf tersebut intinya adalah mengenai
kepopuleran sepeda saat ini.
Thats our sixth material on this online tutorial. You
can post your ideas or comments related to the
material in our forum discussion.

Have a great study

Inisiasi VII

Bahasa Inggris I/MKDU4107

 Scanning

Scanning adalah tehnik membaca cepat untuk mendapatkan

suatu informasi

tanpa membaca yang lain-lainnya dan juga untuk menemukan

jawaban suatu

pertanyaan yang sangat spesifik seperti nama, tanggal,

nomor telepon, dan sebagainya.

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari scanning digunakan anara lain untuk:

mencari nomor telepon

 Scanning

Langkah-langkah membaca scanning:

Lihatlah daftar isi dan kata pengantar secara sekilas

Telaah secara singkat latar belakang penulisan buku
Baca bagian pendahuluan secara singkat
Cari dalam daftar isi bab-bab yang penting
Baca bagian kesimpulan (jika ada)
Lihat secara sekilas daftar pustaka, daftar indeks, atau
apendiks
 Scanning

Tujuan membaca scanning:

Mencari informasi dalam buku secara cepat

Scanning merupakan teknik membaca cepat untuk menemukan

informasi yang telah

ditentukan pembaca

Pembaca telah menentukan kata yang dicari sebelum kegiatan

scanning dilakukan,

pembaca tidak membaca bagian lain dari teks kecuali informasi

yang dicari
Dalam latihan Scanning Anda diminta untuk
mencari informasi spesifik dari sebuah teks .

Mari berlatih scanning

 Scanning
A. Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut.

I never believed that the only way to get an education is to sit at a

desk. My husband Tom and

I dreamed of sailing around the world before our daughters were

even born. Their arrivals only

increased our desire to live the cruising lifestyle. Educating our two
daughters while living a

float on our sailing boat has added a wonderful new dimension to

our lives.
 Scanning
B. Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut.

You may encounter three different combinations of eye colour

in the white Persian

Longhair. There are the blue-eyed and orange-eyed variants

and you may also come

across the odd-eyed white, which has one blue eye and one
orange eye. Such cats are

usually deaf in the ear corresponding to the blue eye colours

exits within the Persian

Longhair category. These are all large cats, with round,

massive faces and placid,
 Bagaimana? Dapatkah Anda menemukan informasi spesifik
yang ditanyakan?
Baiklah sekarang cocokkan jawaban Anda dengan
jawaban berikut.
Untuk teks A jawabannya adalah:
1. They have two children
2. In a sailing boat
3. Yes, they are
4. No, they dont
5. Toms daughter
Untuk teks B jawabannya adalah:
6. Three, blue eyed, orange eyed, and odd-eyed
7. Its a combination of one bleu and one orange eyes
8. No, they dont
9. Because of the flattened shape of their face and the long hair
they have
Thats our seventh material on this online tutorial. You can
post your ideas or comments related to the material in our
forum discussion and dont forget to submit your third
assignment.

Have a great study

Inisiasi VIII

Bahasa Inggris I/MKDU4107

 Reorganizing information: Using tables

Dalam suatu bacaan terkadang banyak mengandung informasi

utama, khusus atau penting seperti tahun, cara-cara, jenis tertentu
dan sebagainya. Agar kita lebih mudah dan efektif mendapatkan
informasi tersebut dalam bacaan, kita dapat memetakannya
dengan menggunakan table.

Mari kita lihat contoh bacaan berikut.

 Reorganizing information: Using tables

Many expressions in English use colors. These expressions show how

people feel about the colors. For example, people associate red with strong
feeling like anger. When someone is very angry, people say that he or she
sees red. Red is an active color, a red-letter day is a lucky day. When
criminals are caught in the middle of the crime, people say that they were
caught red-handed. Green is the color of grass and leaves. When someone
grows plants well, people say he has a green thump. Blue is a sad,
thoughtful color. When someone is very sad she says she is blue. The blues
is a kind of jazz that usually very sad and slow.
Yellow is the color relates to acquired knowledge. It is the color which
resonates with the left or logic side of the brain stimulating our mental
faculties and creating mental agility and perception. It is optimistic and
cheerful. Gray is the true neutral color. Its energy imparts void, emptiness,
lack of movement, emotion, warmth and identifying characteristics. People
who favor gray can be the lone wolf type or narrow-minded. Pink is the
most attracting of all the colours and at least one shade of pink will be
flattering to you whatever your skin tone. If you are looking for love and
want to attract a soul mate to you, then wear something in the colour pink.
 Reorganizing information: Using tables

Jika kita petakan informasi khusus mengenai makna warna dalam

mengungkapkan sesuatu dengan menggunakan tabel, maka akan kita
dapatkan informasi seperti berikut.
Color Meaning of expression
Red anger
Green a green thump
Blue sad
Yellow optimistic and cheerful
Gray narrow-minded
Pink calmness, gentleness and romantic love

Kita dapat simpulkan bahwa dengan memetakan informasi seperti di atas,

akan memudahkan kita untuk mengidentifikasi informasi utama dari
sebuah text.
 Reorganizing information: Using tables

Mari kita lihat contoh yang lainnya. Bacalah biography di bawah ini
tentang Alfred Hitchcock, seorang filmmarker terkenal.

Alfred Hitchcock
Born in London on August 13, 1899, Alfred Hitchcock worked for a short
time in engineering before entering the film industry in 1920. He left for
Hollywood in 1939, where his first American film, Rebecca, won an
Academy Award for best picture. Hitchcock created more than 50 films,
ncluding the classics Rear Window, The 39 Steps and Psycho. Nicknamed
the "Master of Suspense. Alfred Hitchcock was raised by strict, Catholic
parents. He described his childhood as lonely and sheltered, partly due to
his obesity. He once said that he was sent by his father to the local police
station with a note asking the officer to lock him away for 10 minutes as
punishment for behaving badly. In 1920, Hitchcock entered the film
ndustry with a full-time position at the Famous Players-Lasky Company
designing title cards for silent films. Within a few years, he was working
as an assistant director. In 1925, Hitchcock directed his first film and
 Reorganizing information: Using tables

His 1929 film Blackmail is said to be the first British "talkie." In the 1930s,
he directed such classic suspense films as The Man Who Knew Too Much
and The 39 Steps. In 1939, Hitchcock left England for Hollywood. The
first film he made there, Rebecca (1940), won an Academy Award for best
picture. Some of his most famous films include Psycho, The Birds and
Marnie. His works became renowned for their depictions of violence,
although many of his plots merely function as decoys meant to serve as a
tool for understanding complex psychological characters. His cameo
appearances in his own films, as well as his interviews, film trailers and
the television program Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1962-65), made him a
cultural icon. Hitchcock directed more than 50 feature films in a career
spanning six decades. He received the American Film Institute's Life
Achievement Award in 1979. One year later, on April 29, 1980, Hitchcock
died peacefully in his sleep in Bel Air, California. He was survived by his
ifetime partner, assistant director and closest collaborator.

Mari kita susun beberapa informasi dari bacaan di atas dengan

 Reorganizing information: Using tables

Year What Happened

1899 He was born
1920 Entering the film industry
1925 Directing his first film
1930s Directing classic suspense films
1939 Leaving England for Hollywood
1940 Making first film in Hollywood
1940 Winning an Academy Award for best picture
1962- Performing film trailers and the television
65 program
1979 Receiving the American Film Institute's Life
Achievement Award
1980 He died
 Reorganizing information: Using tables

Bagaimana? Mudah dan efektif bukan memetakan sebuah bacaan

dengan menggunakan tabel seperti di atas?

Jika Anda harus membaca begitu banyak artikel, atau buku, atau
jurnal dan Anda tidak mempunyai banyak waktu, Anda dapat
melakukan hal seperti di atas sehingga Anda mendapatkan
informasi utam yang diperlukan.
Demikianlah materi inisiasi terakhir pada
tutorial online matakuliah Bahasa Inggris I/
MKDU4107.

Semoga dapat membantu Anda dalam

menghadapi ujian akhir semester.

Good Luck.