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D C
expansion
device
compressor
A B
American Standard Inc. 2002
evaporator
Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Interconnecting Refrigerant Piping
C
discharge
line
condenser
liquid
expansion device
line B compressor
A
suction
D line
evaporator
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Refrigerant Piping Requirements
Return oil to compressor
Ensure that only liquid refrigerant enters
the expansion device
Minimize system capacity loss
Minimize refrigerant charge
seal discharge
discharge
port
intake intake
motor
driven shaft
scroll
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Return Oil to Compressors
discharge
line
hot
liquid condenser
vapor
line
warm expansion compressor
device
liquid
suction
line
cool
vapor
evaporator
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV)
distributor
TXV
evaporator
remote
bulb
liquid
refrigerant
external equalizer
refrigerant
vapor
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Subcooling
subcooling
condenser saturated
{
A vapor curve
pressure
evaporator
saturated
liquid curve
98
efficiency
96
capacity
94
92
90 R-22
2 4 6 8 10 12
(13.8) (27.6) (41.4) (55.2) (69.0) (82.7)
reciprocating compressor
with cylinder unloaders
scroll compressors
manifolded on a
single circuit
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
suction line
Determine Refrigerant Velocity
pipe diameter, in. (mm)
0) 2) 5) 18
)
22
)
(1 (1 (1
(1 5)
5)
31 )
3 5 (79)
8)
( (
(4 2
( 54
7
5,000
(3
(6
0
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8
(2
4 1 /8 ( 1
)
/8
30
/8
5/8
/8
/8
/8
(25.4)
25
13
21
11
/8
velocity, fpm (m/s)
2,000
(10.2)
1,000
(5.1)
500
(2.5)
R-22
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200
(3.5) (7.0) (17.6) (35) (70) (176) (352) (703)
American Standard Inc. 2002
evaporator capacity, tons (kW) Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
suction line
Determine Refrigerant Velocity
evaporator
2 1/8 in.
(54 mm)
drop
compressor
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Double Suction Riser
circuit velocity inside minimum velocity for
capacity, 1 5/8 in. (42 mm) 1 5/8 in. (42 mm) riser,
tons (kW) pipe, fpm (m/s) fpm (m/s)
smaller
riser
larger
riser
trap
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Sizing a Double Suction Riser
Sizing the smaller riser
circuit velocity inside minimum velocity
capacity, 1 3/8 in. (35 mm) for 1 3/8 in. (35 mm)
tons (kW) pipe, fpm (m/s) riser, fpm (m/s)
diameter (d)
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Leq for Long-Radius Elbows
35)
)
8)
67 )
)
54)
79)
2)
(18
(1 5
( 22
(23.0)
/8 ( 2
8 (4
/8 (
/8 (
/8 (
/8 (
3/ 4
7/8
5/8
pressure drop, psi/100 ft (kPa/10 m)
05 )
1 5/
13
11
21
25
31
8 (1
5.0
3 5/
(11.5)
30)
8 (1
4 1/
2.0
(4.6)
1.0
(2.3)
0.5
(1.2)
R-22
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200
(3.5) (7.0) (17.6) (35) (70) (176) (352) (703)
American Standard Inc. 2002
evaporator capacity, tons (kW) Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
suction line
Add Pressure Drop of Accessories
Suction filter = 2 psi (13.8 kPa)
Angle valve = 1 psi (6.9 kPa)
Ball valve = 1 equivalent ft (0.3 m)
distributor
TXV
evaporator
remote
bulb liquid
refrigerant
refrigerant
vapor
external equalizer line
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
single distributor on circuit
Evaporator Coil Connection
TXV
bulb
TXV
bulb
pitch
pipe
anchor
8)
5)
2)
4)
6 ( ( ( (
(5
(2
(3
(4
(25.4) 5/1 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8
1/8
3/8
5/8
/8
21
1
)
(6 7
/8
25
)
( 79
velocity, fpm (m/s)
/8
2,000
31
(10.2)
1,000
(5.1)
500
(2.5)
R-22
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200
(3.5) (7.0) (17.6) (35) (70) (176) (352) (703)
American Standard Inc. 2002
evaporator capacity, tons (kW) Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
discharge line
Determine Refrigerant Velocity
1 5/8 in.
(42 mm)
condenser
1 5/8 in. (42 mm)
riser
1 5/8 in.
(42 mm)
compressor
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
discharge line
Determine Pressure Drop
pipe diameter, in. (mm)
10.0
28)
)
)
)
5)
42)
54)
67)
(1 2
(1 8
(22
(23.0)
(1 5
8 (3
/8 (
/8 (
/8 (
/8 (
pressure drop, psi/100 ft (kPa/10 m)
3/ 4
7/8
1/2
5/8
1 3/
11
15
21
25
5.0
(11.5)
9)
8 (7
3 1/
2.0
(4.6)
1.0
(2.3)
0.5
(1.2)
R-22
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200
(3.5) (7.0) (17.6) (35) (70) (176) (352) (703)
American Standard Inc. 2002
evaporator capacity, tons (kW) Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
discharge line
Add Pressure Drop of Accessories
Angle valve = 1 psi (6.9 kPa)
Ball valve = 1 equivalent ft (0.3 m)
pitch
pipe
anchor
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Refrigerant Piping
period four
Liquid Line
subcooling
110F
{
pressure, psia (kPa)
(43.3C)
293
(2,020) 125F
(51.7C)
241
(1,662)
mixture of liquid
saturated and vapor
liquid curve
enthalpy, Btu/lb (kJ/kg)
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Impact of Refrigerant Density Change
evaporator,
high cooling load
evaporator,
low cooling load condensing unit,
high OA temperature
C
low cooling load,
low OA temperature A high cooling load,
high OA temperature
B
low cooling load,
high OA temperature
7/ )
5)
(6 )
)
8)
2)
5)
13 )
(5.1)
10
( 28
8
22
(1
(1
(1
6(
(3
8(
8(
1 /4
5/8
3/4
5/1
/8
/8
1/2
3/
11
2)
(4
500
/8
15
(2.5)
4)
velocity, fpm (m/s)
(5
/8
21
200
(1.0)
100
(0.5)
50
(0.25)
R-22
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200
(3.5) (7.0) (17.6) (35) (70) (176) (352) (703)
American Standard Inc. 2002
evaporator capacity, tons (kW) Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
liquid line
Determine Refrigerant Velocity
5/8 in.
(15 mm)
5/8 in.
(15 mm)
5/8 in.
(15 mm)
drop
riser
evaporator
condenser
)
(6)
)
)
8)
6 (8
(10
(12
(115)
(1 5
(18
(22
8 (2
pressure drop, psi/100 ft (kPa/10 m)
1/4
5/1
3/8
1/2
3 /4
5/8
7/8
1 1/
20.0
35)
(46)
/8 (
13
10.0
2)
(23)
8 (4
1 5/
5.0
(11.5)
4)
/8 ( 5
2.0
(4.6)
21
1.0 R-22
(2.3) 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200
(3.5) (7.0) (17.6) (35) (70) (176) (352) (703)
American Standard Inc. 2002
evaporator capacity, tons (kW) Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
liquid line
Add Pressure Drop of Accessories
Filter-drier = 6 psi (41.4 kPa)
Solenoid valve = 4 psi (27.6 kPa)
Sight glass = 1 equivalent ft (0.3 m)
Angle valve = 1 psi (6.9 kPa)
Ball valve = 1 equivalent ft (0.3 m)
solenoid
valve
evaporator
condenser 15 ft (4.6 m) 11 ft (3.4 m)
vertical rise vertical drop
creates creates
pressure drop pressure gain
(12.4)
0.525
(11.9)
0.500
(11.3)
0.475
(10.7)
0.450
(10.2)
0.425
(9.6) 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
(4.4) (15.6) (26.7) (37.8) (48.9) (60.0) (71.1)
American Standard Inc. 2002
liquid temperature, F (C) Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
liquid line
Calculate Loss of Subcooling
5.0
(62.2)
loss of subcooling, psi/F (kPa/C)
4.0
(49.7)
3.0
(37.3)
2.0
(24.9)
1.0
(12.4)
0
(0) 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
(4.4) (15.6) (26.7) (37.8) (48.9) (60.0) (71.1)
American Standard Inc. 2002
liquid temperature, F (C) Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Subcooling Remaining at
Expansion Device
subcooling, F (C)
remaining at
leaving loss due to expansion
condenser liquid line device
15 (8.3) - 9.9 (5.5) = 5.1 (2.8)
TXV
solenoid
valve
evaporator
distributor
condenser
liquid line
sight
glass
TXV
filter-drier
evaporator
solenoid
American Standard Inc. 2002
valve Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Liquid Line Routing
evaporator
condenser
evaporator
condenser
route the horizontal leg below the riser
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
liquid line
Other Considerations
Pitch horizontal sections to run alongside
suction or discharge line
Insulate lines that are routed through very
warm spaces
TXV
evaporator
liquid line
hot-gas
distributor
bypass valve
suction line
condenser
compressor
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Hot-Gas Bypass Valve Installation
hot-gas pilot
bypass valve line pitch away
from hot-gas
pitch back toward bypass valve
discharge line hot-gas
bypass line
condenser suction
line
compressor
discharge
American Standard Inc. 2002
line Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Hot-Gas Bypass Risers
hot-gas
bypass valve hot-gas
bypass riser
drain leg
condenser
suction
oil-return
compressor line
line
evaporator
liquid
line
TXV
distributor
hot-gas
American Standard Inc. 2002 bypass line Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
hot-gas bypass line
Connection to Evaporator
check
valves
solenoid
valve
evaporator
TXV
distributor
hot-gas
American Standard Inc. 2002
bypass line Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
Hot-Gas Bypass to Suction Line
TXV
liquid line
evaporator
hot-gas
bypass valve
liquid-injection
condenser valve
suction line
compressor
American Standard Inc. 2002 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN
hot-gas bypass line
Connection to Suction Line
hot-gas liquid-injection
bypass valve valve
liquid
line
solenoid
valve
condenser
suction line
compressor