FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

MOHD FAIZ BIN MOHD HELMI

16DKA14F1063
MUHAMMMAD DANIAL BIN CHEK ZUKKEFLE 16DKA15F1100
MOHD HANIF BIN NORWI
16DKA15F1039
MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN JAFRI 16DKA15F2037
MIHAMMAD MAHATHIR BIN ABDUL RAHMAN 16DKA14F2001
 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
Flexible pavements support loads through
bearing rather than flexural action. They
comprise several layers of carefully
selected materials designed to gradually
distribute loads from the pavement
surface to the layers underneath.
LAYER FOR FLEXIBLE
PAVEMENT
 SUBGRADE
The subgrade is the compacted soil
layer that forms the foundation of the
pavement system.
Subgrade soils are subjected to lower
stresses than the surface, base, and
subbase courses.
Since load stresses decrease with depth,
the controlling subgrade stress usually
lies at the top of the subgrade
 SUBBASE COURSE
This layer is used in areas where frost
action is severe or the subgrade soil is
extremely weak.
The subbase course functions like the
base course. The material requirements
for the subbase are not as strict as those
for the base course since the subbase is
subjected to lower load stresses.
The subbase consists of stabilized or
properly compacted granular material.
 BASE COURSE
It distributes the imposed wheel load to the pavement
foundation, the subbase, and/or the subgrade.
The base course serves as the principal structural
component of the flexible pavement.
Must have sufficient quality and thickness to prevent
failure in the subgrade and/or subbase, withstand the
stresses produced in the base itself, resist vertical
pressures that tend to produce consolidation and
result in distortion of the surface course, and resist
volume changes caused by fluctuations in its moisture
content.
 BINDER COURSE
This layer provides the bilk of asphalt
concrete structure.
The binder course generally consists of
aggregates having less asphalt and
doesnt require quality as high as the
surface course.
 SURFACE
The bituminous surface, or wearing course, is
made up of a mixture of various selected
aggregates bound together with asphalt cement
or other bituminous binders.
This surface prevents the penetration of surface
water to the base course; provides a smooth,
well-bonded surface free from loose particles,
which might endanger aircraft or people; resists
the stresses caused by aircraft loads; and
supplies a skid-resistant surface without causing
undue wear on tires
COMMON CONTRUSTION STEPS
OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
Cleaning of the surface: -First of all the surface of
existing pavement layer is to be cleaned to remove
dust and dirt. It is done manually or by using
mechanical broom and high-pressure air jet from
compressor or any other approved equipment/method.
Prime Coat: -Then Prime Coat is applied on the
cleaned surface of existing pavement layer. Prime Coat
is the first application of a low viscous liquid
bituminous material over an existing porous or
absorbent pavement surface like WMM base course.
The Prime Coat is sprayed uniformly using a
mechanical sprayer at a rate of 7.3 to 14.6 kg per 10
m2 area.
 Tack Coat: -After 24 hrs of applying Prime Coat,
Bituminous material of higher viscosity like hot bitumen
at the rate of 4.9 to 9.8 kg per 10 m2 area Called Tack
Coat is applied and then the laying of Wearing Course
(DBM & SDBC/BC) is started. The Tack Coat and Prime
Coat should be as per IRC: 16 Standard Specification
and Code of Practice for Prime and Tack Coat.
Mixing & Transportation: -Mixing of the
Bituminous Materials is done at hot mix plant
where all the laboratory testing of the bituminous
materials are done before mixing and after mixing.
The testing report should fullfill all the criteria
given in IRC: 111-2009 Specification for Dense
Graded Bituminous Mixes. The Bituminous Mix is
then charged in Truck/dumper and transported to
the site for paving.
 Paving of Bituminous mix/Spreading:
-Pavers are used for paving the Bituminous
Mixes. In paving operation, the pavers are used
for laying the DBM or SDBC/BC layers and to
provide the needed thickness and slope/camber.