CAST IRONS

Advantages and disadvantages of cast irons (in

comparison with steels):
Advantages :
good castability (low Tm, good fluidility)
good machinability (graphite cast irons)
antivibration properties
low stress concentration
sensibility
Disadvantages :
high brittleness
non machinable (white cast iron, chilled cast iron)
cold brittleness (KV = 7 14 J, 40/+23C)
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Cast iron structure impactors

1. Chemical composition (C, Si, Mn) Si graphite cast irons ,
Mn white cast iron
2. Cooling rate
vjaht white cast iron, chilled cast iron
vjaht grey cast iron
3. Modification
Mg, Ts, Ca spheroidal graphite cast iron
4. Alloying
Mn wear resistance
Si corrosion resistance
Cr high-temperature strength
Ni corrosion resistance, with Cr, Si wear resistance
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Structure diagrams of cast irons

Chemical composition and cooling Chemical composition

(C + S i)% rate (C and Si%)
C%
7 5

4 ,3
4 k v a lite e tn e
6 p e rliitm a lm
3

5
2
I II III IV V V
I II III IV
4 1
0 25 50 75 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 S i%
t, m m
 CAST IRONS

Classification and properties of cast irons (1)

Mechanical properties of main graphite cast irons

Types of cast irons Rm, N/mm2 HB A, %

Lamellar graphite 100450 190275 0

(grey) c.i.
Spheroidal 3501000 140360 222
graphite c.i.
Mallable 300800 100320 121,5
(nest graphite) c.i.
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Classification and properties of cast irons (2)

Types of cast irons Standard Designation Rm, N/mm2
Grey cast iron EN 1561 EN-GJL 100-450

Spheroidal graphite cast iron EN 1563 EN-GJS 350-900

Bainitic cast iron EN 1564 EN-GJS 800-1400

Vermicular graphite cast iron ISO 16112 ISO 16112/JV 300-500

Malleable cast iron EN 1562 EN-GJMW 270-570

EN-GJMB 300-800
Wear resistant cast iron EN 12513 EN-GJN 1000

Cast steels G-C35

G-XCrNi12
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Heat treatment of cast irons (1)
Hardness of metallic ground mass
ferrite 100160 HB
pearlite 180220 HB
sorbite 220300 HB
bainite 300320 HB
martensite 380600 HB
Grey cast iron heat treatment
Heat treatment Metallic groundmass Hardness
in. fin.

Hardening P+F, P M, Tr, S HB 500

850950 C
Tempering M, Tr Mnool Increase of plasticity and
Trnool toughness
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Heat treatment of cast irons (2)

Heat treatment of spheroidal graphite/ malleable cast iron
Heat treatment Tkar, C Heat treatment, HRC
Hardening 900 In dependent of structure
2060
Isothermal hardening 850880 300 C 45
350 C 35
400 C 30
Tempering 150170 5259
380400 3845
530550 2630
600650 2227
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Designation system of cast irons (EN)

Designation and materials No. (1)
Grey cast iron EN-GJL L lamellar G
Spheroidal graphite c.i. EN-GJS S spheroidal G
Malleable cast iron EN-GJM M malleable (temper
G)
white EN-GJMW
black EN-GJMB
Grey cast iron (EN1561)
Rm based
Designation Material No HB based
Designation Material No
EN-GJL-100 EN-JL1010 EN-GJL-HB155 EN-JL2010
....... ......... ............... ............
-350 -JL1060 -HB255 -JL2060
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Designation and materials No. (2)

Spheroidal graphite cast iron (EN1563)
Rm ja A based HB based
Designation Material No Designation Material No
EN-GJS-350-22-LT EN-JS1015 EN-GJS-HB130 EN-JS2010
-350-22-RT -JS1014 ............ .............
.................. ............. . -JS2090
-900-2 -JS1090 -HB330

Malleable cast iron (EN1562)

Rm ja A based
White Black
Designation Material No Designation Material No
EN-GJMW-350-4 EN-JM1010 EN-GJMB-300-6 EN-JM1110
........... .............. ............ .............
-550-4 -JM1050 . -JM1200
-800-
1
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Bainitic cast iron (EN 1564)

Designation Material No Application
EN-GJS-800-8 EN-JS 1100 Highly stressed parts;
wheel hubs,
EN-GJS-1400- EN-JS gear rings, ADI castings
(austempered ductile cast iron)
Vermicular graphite c.i. (ISO 16112)
ISO 16112/JV/300 Automotive parts gear
housings
ISO 16112/JV/500
Wear resistant cast iron (EN 12513)
EN-GJN-HV350 EN-GJN-2019 Dressing rolls
dredging shovels
impellers for pumps
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Cast steels
Cast steel for general application (EN 10293)
Designation Material No. Condi- Rm , Rp, A, KV,
tion N/mm2 N/mm2 % J

GE200 1.0420 Norm 380-530 200 25 27

GE300 1.0558 Norm 600-750 300 15 27

G17Mn5 1.1131 Q+T 450-600 240 24 70

G28Mn6 1.1165 Norm 520-670 260 18 27

GXCrNi121) 1.4107 - 540 355 18 45

GX23CrMoV12-1 1.4931 - 740-880 540 15 27

1) Cast steel for pressure vessels (for high and low temperatures steam turbines,
super heated steam armatures, also corrosion resistant)
Thank You for attention!
priit.kulu@ttu.ee