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OXIDATION
CORROSION
PREVENTION AGAINST CORROSION
Oxide is the more stable than the metal (for most metals)
Oxidation rate becomes significant usually only at high temperatures
The nature of the oxide determines the rate of oxidation
Metal
-ve ions
+ve
Standard electrode potential of metals
Standard potential at 25oC
System Potential in V
Noble end Au / Au3+ +1.5
Ag / Ag+ +0.80
Increasing propensity to dissolve
Cu / Cu2+ +0.34
H2 / H + 0.0
Pb / Pb2+ 0.13
Ni / Ni2+ 0.25
Fe / Fe2+ 0.44
Cr / Cr3+ 0.74
Zn / Zn2+ 0.76
Al / Al3+ 1.66
Active end Li / Li+ 3.05
Alloys used in service are complex and so are the electrolytes (difficult to
define in terms of M+) (the environment provides the electrolyte
Metals and alloys are arranged in a qualitative scale which gives a measure
of the tendency to corrode The Galvanic Series
Galvanic series
Anode Cathode
Zn Cu
(0.76) (+0.34)
Zn Zn2+ + 2e Cu2+ + 2e Cu or
oxidation Reduction 2H+ + 2e H2
or
Zn will corrode at the expense of Cu O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH
Anodic/cathodic electrodes
Vcathode
Potential (V)
Current (I)
Passivation
Iron dissolves in dilute nitric acid, but not in concentrated nitric acid
The concentrated acid oxidizes the surface of iron and produces a thin protective
oxide layer (dilute acid is not able to do so)
potential of a metal electrode in current density (I/A)
On current density reaching a critical value fall in current density
(then remains constant) Passivation
Prevention of Corrosion