Causes of the

CW
6
COMPROMISE OF 1850

Terms:

California admitted as a free state

For
the
Slave trade abolished in District of Columbia
Nort
h
Texas gave up its western lands for $10 million

New Mexico & Utah organized under popular sovereignty

For
the
Fugitive Slave Law passed
Sout
h
7
Fugitive Slave

Law
Return escaped slaves
to their state & owner
All citizens expected to
help
8
Uncle Toms Cabin
By Harriet Beecher
Stowe
Published in 1853
Following the passage of the
Fugitive Slave Act

Lived in Cincinnati, Ohio

Home was a trail on the
Underground Railroad
Based the book on case
histories from escaped
slaves

Persuaded more people

particularly northerners
to become abolitionists
9
KANSAS-
NEBRASKA ACT
Repealed the Missouri
Compromise

Stephen Douglas calls for

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
(vote) on slavery in the
territories
9

Race for control of Kansas (Abolitionist &

Missouri settlers)
Only 1,500 people in KSbut 6,000 people vote in
election
Kansas had 2 governments Free &
10

BLEEDING
KANSAS
Debate over
slavery in territory
War broke out
over the debate
(1856)
Pro-slavery raids took
place in Lawrence

John Brown
raided pro-
slavery parts
of Kansas to
raise
11
VIOLENCE IN THE SENATE

In 1856, Senator Charles Sumner

(Mass.) gave a speech on the
Crime Against Kansas
condemning the Souths desire to
expand slavery

Senator Preston Brooks (SC)

believed Sumner was insulting his
uncle, Senator Andrew Butler

Since Sen. Butler was not

Showed the brutal nature of the
present to defend himself, Sen.
debate & Brooks was seen as a
Brooks (SC) beat Sen. Sumner
hero in South Carolina (it even
with his cane while Sumner was
helped him get reelected)
seated at his desk
12
Republican Party

(1854) Founded to establish liberty & overthrow the

power of slavery

SLAVERY MORAL, SOCIAL, and POLITICAL EVIL

AGAINST THE EXPANSION

OF SLAVERY
The party and its power grew
after Bleeding Kansas
13
Dred Scott vs. Sandford

Scott sued for his freedom

because he had lived on free soil

Courts Opinion:
1. Blacks (free or slave) cannot bring suit in federal
court because they are not citizens
2. The MO Compromise had violated the Constitution &
Congress had no right to deprive citizens of private property

3. Congress cannot exclude slavery in territories

13
Dred Scott Results

Court case added

to division between
North & South

Increased fear that

slavery would be Chief Justice
Dred Scott legalized in the North Roger Taney

Supported by President Decision destroyed all

James Buchanan & it split previous compromises
the Democratic Party over slavery
Slavery now protected by law & by the Constitution
14
Lincoln-Douglas Debate
Stephen Douglas Senate seat was
up for election & Abraham Lincoln
was nominated by the Illinois
Republicans to challenge

Main topic was slavery

Douglas believed it was a state issue

Lincoln believed it was a moral wrong &

a national problem needing a national
policy
Douglas won reelection to the Senate
Lincoln became nationally known as
a rising star in the Republican Party
"A house divided against itself cannot
stand. I believe this government cannot
endure permanently half slave and half free.
I do not expect the union to be dissolved, I
do not expect the house to fall, but I do
expect it will cease to be divided. It will
become all one thing or all of the other."
15
John Brown Raid

Attacked arsenal @ Harpers Ferry, VA

Hoped to take the town & arm slaves

for a revolt

He failed & was hanged as a traitor

THE SOUTH WAS PARANOID OF

REBELLIONS LIKE THIS HAPPENING
AGAINNORTH AFRAID/UNCERTAIN
16
Election of 1860

LINCOLN DOUGLAS
REPUBLICAN = NORTHERN
STOP EXPANSION DEMOCRAT
OF SLAVERY VS POPULAR
SOVEREIGNTY

BELL BRECKINRIDGE
CONSTITUTIONAL SOUTHERN
UNION PARTY DEMOCRAT
(PRESERVE THE ADD CUBA &
UNION) EXPAND SLAVERY
16

Lincoln was not included on southern ballots

South did not approve of Republican victory

17
Secession Crisis
On December 20, 1860, South By February 1861 TX, LA, MS,
Carolina seceded because of AL, FL, and GA had seceded.
Lincolns victory

Those states met at Montgomery, Alabama, They chose Jefferson Davis, a

to formed a new nation and government, Mississippi senator, as their
called the Confederate States of America. president.
18Response to
Secession
President Buchanan argued against
secession
Believed the states did not have the right
to withdraw
No response of action
Sen. John Crittenden (KY)
Developed a compromise plan in Congress
(02/1861)
Americans waited for President-elect
Lincoln
Many were waiting on his reaction @ the
inauguration