CRYOGENIC

MACHINING OF
TITANIUM ALLOY
SUBMITTED BY
ABDUL NAFIE A T
S8 ME

GUIIDED BY
ASST PROF
RAJITH
ME DEPARTMENT
 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM ALLOY
APPLICATION OF TITANIUM ALLOY
SUPPLY OF CRYOGENIC LIQUID
DISCHARGE PROCESS OF LN2
POTTENTIAL BENEFIT
PROCESS PARAMETERS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON CRYOGENIC MACHINING OF TITANIUM
ALLOY (TI-6AL-4V)

TITANIUM IS ONE OF THE FASTEST GROWING MATERIALS USED IN

AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS
ONE DRAWBACK OF THESE ALLOYS IS THEIR POOR MACH INABILITY
TITANIUM ALLOY TI-6AL-4V, A DIFFICULT-TO-MACHINE MATERIAL
HAVING EXTREMELY SHORT TOOL LIFE
TO OVERCOME THIS PROBLEM CRYOGENIC COOLING IS USED
NITROGEN IS MORE PREFERABLE IN MACHINING TO DISSIPATE
HEAT GENERATED BECAUSE IT IS COST EFFECTIVE, SAFE, NON
FLAMMABLE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY GAS
TITANIUM ALLOYS ARE METALS THAT
CONTAIN A MIXTURE OF TITANIUM AND
OTHER CHEMICAL COMPONENTS
THESE ALLOYS HAVE VERY HIGH
TENSILE STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS

TITANIUM AND ITS ALLOYS REPRESENT

THE MOST CHALLENGING MATERIALS IN
MACHINING. WITH ADVANCES IN
CUTTING TOOL MATERIALS, MANY
DIFFICULT-TO-MACHINE MATERIALS CAN
NOW BE MACHINED AT HIGHER METAL
REMOVAL RATES.

CRYOGENIC MACHINING IS A
MACHINING PROCESS WHERE THE
TRADITIONAL LUBRO--COOLING LIQUID
(AN EMULSION OF OIL INTO WATER) IS
REPLACED BY A JET OF LIQUID
NITROGEN
 PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM
ALLOY
Strength -Titanium possesses high strength when
alloyed with additional metals and elements. This can
produce the desired level of strength or ductility.
Titanium is just as strong as steel.

Lightweight -Titanium is also lighter than steel whilst

having a similar strength. This quality is very desirable
for medical and construction applications.

Corrosion-resistant -Titanium is highly resistant to most

types of corrosion. Titanium is also very resistant to
stress corrosion cracking unlike steel.

Biological Compatibility -Titanium can be used within the

human body due e to its bio-inert qualities..
 APPLICATIONS OF TITANIUM
ALLOY
Medical -In the medical field, titanium has become one of the
most widely y used metals. it does not react with anything g
inside the body.

Aircraft -The most common use for titanium is in aircraft

construction.

Automotive -Titanium is staple for the car and motorcycle

industry. Titanium alloys offer the ideal solution for car and
motorcycle parts such as rods, valves and camshafts.
Racing industry.
 Industrial -There are also different industrial applications
for titanium. It makes an excellent building material for outdoor
applications since it is lightweight and resistant to corrosion.

Chemical Processing -Titanium is useful in the chemical and

pharmaceutical world, where equipment is often in constant
contact with hazardous and corrosive materials.

Other -Titanium finds application in a variety of different

industries, such as jewellery, clocks and watches, eyewear and
golfing. higher resistance to corrosion.
 SUPPLY OF CRYOGENIC COOLING LIQUID TO THE
MACHINE

The heat is generated between the cutting tool and work-

piece due to friction while cutting. The produced heat will be
carried away by chips and remaining will be dissipating into
work piece and cutting tool
The absorbed heat will soften the cutting tool (poor
performance) there after deformation of cutting tool or
formation of built up edge or failure of cutting tools which
results to surface irregularities on machined samples
To overcome this cryogenic liquid is supplied to the cutting
zone through various ways and equipment. The liquid is
stored in cylindrical or spherical shaped tanks including
pressure control and vaporizer
CRYOGENIC MACHINE
 SUPPLY OF LN2

oSupply of liquid nitrogen to the cutting zone is to be

done without getting evaporated

o system uses a coaxial tube-in-tube technology to get

the job done

o High pressure LN2 runs through the inner tube while

the outer jacket tube carries low pressure LN2 to
minimize heat loss in the inner tube

o This ensures liquid arrives right at the end of the

tube where it can be jetted on to the cutter
 POTENTIAL BENEFITS S OF CRYOGENIC
MACHINING
Machining of Titanium alloy in cryogenic conditions
is better than cutting under aqueous coolants.
Sustainable machining methods (cleaner, safer,
environment friendly)
Increase of material removal rate without increases
in worn tool.
Increase of productivity
Increasing cutting speeds without increases in worn
tool.
Surface roughness of machined work piece
improvement
Potentially lower investment costs due to
reduction in number of machine tools required
 FRESH
TOOL

Machinin
g with
conventi
onal
coolant

Machinin
g with
nitrogen
gas
PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR MACHINING TITANIUM
ALLOY

Flow Rate and Pressure of Cryogenic

Supply

The range is from 0.5 kg/min to 3.36 kg/min at

pressure of 1.4-24 bars with the most common
combination with flow rate less than 1 kg/min with
pressure from 7.5-15 bars

Cutting Parameters

Usually the cutting speed was tested from 70 -150

m/min with feed rate at 0.10 0.25 mm/rev
 CONCLUSION

The liquid nitrogen has huge amount of heat carrying

away capability due to its very low temperature in liquid
form.

The liquid nitrogen has played a key role in effective and

efficient cooling during machining by protecting the
cutting tool.

The Experiments Conducted also proves that it has a

good surface finish, decreased cutting forces, Higher
MRR when compared to water based Coolant.
 REFERENCES

[1] [1]A.R. Machado, J. Wallbank, Machining of titanium and its

alloys: a review, Proc. Inst. Mech.Eng. 204 (1990).

[2] [2]P.D. Hartung, B.M. Kramer, Tool wear in titanium

machining, Ann. CIRP 31 (1982) 7580.

[3] [3]M.J. Donachie Jr., in: ASM (Ed.), Titanium, a Technical

Guide, 1982, p. 163.

International Journal Of Mechanical Engineering (IJMET).

THANK YOU