Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Pencemar
Dian Yuni Pratiwi
CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS:
On the basis of existence in nature
* QuantitativePollutants-
The substances which are already present in the environment,
but are termed as pollutants when
theirconcentration(quantity) increases in the environment.
eg. CO2is present in the environment in greater quantity than
normal and is hence termed as aquantitativepollutant.
* Qualitative pollutant-
The substances which are not normally present in the
environment and are added by human beings and are
pollutants by nature. Eg. insecticides, pesticides
CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS:
On the basis of the form in which they persist
*Primary Pollutants-
The substances which are directly emitted from the source
and remain in that form are termed as primary pollutants
eg, smoke, fumes, ash, dust, nitric oxide and sulphur
dioxide
*Secondarypollutants-
The substances which are formed bychemical
reactionbetween the primary pollutants and constituents
of the environment (i.e. those which are already present
in the environment) .eg smog, ozone, sulphur trioxide,
nitrogen dioxide.
*Klasifikasi Pencemar
Klasifikasi utama polutan (Walker et al. 2001 : 3 22)
1. Ion anorganik
a. Metal : kadmium (Cd), timbal (Pb), seng (Zn), mangan (Mn), merkuri (Hg)
b. Anion : nitrat dan fosfat
2. Polutan organik
Senyawa organik : senyawa yang mengandung karbon (C), kecuali CO2 dan CO
a. Hidrokarbon : Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)
b. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
c. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins (PCDDs)
d. Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs)
e. Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs)
f. lnsektisida organoklorin (DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, dan lindane)
g. Insektisida organofosfat, insektisida karbamat, insektisida piretroid,
insektisida fenoksida, klorofenol, rodentisida antikoagulan, deterjen
*Klasifikasi Pencemar
3. Senyawa organometalik
Senyawa hasil ikatan antara logam dengan ligan
organik, misalnya senyawa
organomerkuri (metilmerkuri) dan organotimbal
4. Isotop radioaktif (radionuklida)
5. Polutan gas
Ozon (03) dan oksida karbon, nitrogen, dan sulfur
* Klasifikasi Pencemar
(Berdasarkan wujudnya)