CHAPTER 3

SHEAR FORCES AND

BENDING MOMENTS
A beam is a structural member that is designed to
support transverse loads, that is, loads that act
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam.
A beam resists applied loads by a combination of
internal transverse shear force (from the shear stress
distribution) and bending moment (from normal stress
distribution)

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Types of beams:
(a) Statically Determinate Beams

71
(b) Statically Indeterminate Beams

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Shear Forces and Bending Moment In
Beams
Shear Force at any section of a beam is equal to the
algebraic sum of the normal forces to the left of the
section.
Forces directed up produce positive shear and
forces directed down produce negative shear.
F F

F F

+V -V
F F
F F
+V -V

75
 Bending moment at any section of a beam is equal to the
algebraic sum of the moments of the forces about the centroid
of the cross section for forces left of the section.
Clockwise moments are positive and counterclockwise
moments are negative.
Maximum bending moment exist when shear force equal to
zero.

M M
M M
M
M +M -M M
M
Example:

Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam

shown.
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