HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS

LIMITED

ACCESSORIES DIVISION , LUCKNOW

Presented by : HASAN AZMI

Training supervisior : Mr S.P.
SINGH 11-EES-25
Type State owned enterprise

Industry Aerospace and defense

Founded 1940(in 1964,company took on current name)

Headquarter Bangalore, Karnataka,India

Chairman RK Tyagi

Products Aerospace equipment

Military aircraft
Communication, Radar Navigation equipment
Space system
Revenue Rs 14329 Crs (2012-13)

Employees 33,990
 AIRCRAFT POWER SYSTEM

1.Ground power unit : Supplies power to the aircraft systems during maintenance, prior to
departure and after arrival.

2. Main engine generator : Supplies the system power after disconnection from ground power
throughout the remaining flight sequence.

3. Auxiliary power unit(APU) : It is normally used for starting the aircrafts main engines via the
air distribution system.

While the aircraft is on the ground, the APU can also provide
electrical power.

3 phase generator provide 115/200Vac, 400Hz, 3 bus

. 115Vac, 400Hz 1
. 26Vac, 400Hz
. 28Vdc and 270Vdc
 EXTERNAL POWER
External power source are used during servicing or maintenance.

This allows systems to be operated without having

to start the engines or use the battery.

The external ground power can either be from a

battery pack, a ground power unit (GPU)
 INVERTERS
Inverters are used to convert direct current into alternating current. The input is typically from
the battery;

The output can be a low voltage (26 V AC) for use in instruments.

High voltage (115 V AC single or three phase) for driving loads such as pumps.

Rotary inverter technology uses a DC motor to drive an AC generator.

Rotary inverter has a four-pole compound DC motor driving a star-wound AC generator. The
outputs can be single- or three- phase; 26 V AC, or 115 V AC.

Modern aircraft equipment is based on the static inverter

The static inverter can either be used as the sole source of AC power or to supply specic
equipment in the event that the main generator has failed. Alternatively they are used to
provide power for passenger use, e.g. lap-top computers
 AUXILIARY POWER UNIT (APU)

An APU is a relatively small gas turbine engine, typically located in the tail cone of the aircraft.

The APU is a two-stage centrifugal compressor with a single turbine. Bleed air is tapped from
the compressor and Connected into the aircrafts air distribution system.

APUs are used for starting the aircrafts main engines via the air distribution system. While the
air- craft is on the ground, the APU can also provide: electrical power hydraulic pressure
air conditioning.

The APU itself is started from the main aircraft battery.

In some aircraft, the APU can also provide electrical power in the air in the event of main
generator failure.
 EMERGENCY POWER
In the event of generator failure, continuous power can be provided by a ram air turbine (RAT).

Also referred to as an air-driven generator, this is an emergency source of power that can be
called upon when normal power sources are not available.
The RAT is an air-driven device that is stowed in the wing or fuselage and deployed in the event
that the aircraft loses normal power. When deployed, it derives energy from the airflow.

The RAT can be deployed between aircraft speeds of 120 to 430 knots
 DISTRIBUTION OF POWER SUPPLIES

1. Main bus : This is sometimes called the non-essential generator or load bus. It will include
loads such as the galleys, in-flight entertainment (IFE) and main cabin lights

2. Essential bus : This is sometimes called the vital or safety bus. It will include equipment and
instruments required for the continued safe operation of the aircraft

3. Battery bus : This is sometimes called the standby, or emergency bus.

It supplies the equipment required for the safe landing of the aircraft, e.g. radios, fuel control,
landing gear and re protection.

.
MORE ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL LOADS

Motors and actuation

Lighting services

Subsystem controllers

Avionics systems

Heating devices
 ICE PROTECTION
Two strategies are used for ice protection: de-icing and anti-icing

De-icing allows ice to form and then be removed on a periodic basis.

Anti-icing is when ice is not permitted to form at all

Three primary methods are used for both de-icing and anti-icing
1. Fluid
2. Pneumatic
3. Thermal.

Deicing fluids are typically used on wings, vertical stabilizer, horizontal stabilizer,
propellers and windscreens.

Deicing fluids are typically composed of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, together with
thickening agents, corrosion inhibitors.
ONBOARD MOTOR APPLICATIONS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
MOTOR DRIVE APPLICATIONS FOR AIRCRAFTS

Application Rating/motor

Air conditioning & cooling fans 1 kVA-6kVA

Flaps & slats 5-6kVA
Fuel & override pumps 9-10kVA
Fuel boost pumps 3-4kVA
Hydraulic pumps 9-10kVA
 WINDSCREEN WIPER

The windscreen wiper system is based on 28 V DC variable speed motors; the rotary motion of the
motor is changed by a gear mechanism in the converter to produce the sweeping motion of the wiper
arm over the windscreen.

ANTI-SKID
The anti-skid system (also called an anti-lock braking system: ABS) is designed to prevent the
main landing gear wheels from locking up during landing, particularly on wet or icy runway
surface

During a skid condition, the wheel(s) experience a rapid deceleration.

. The tachometer AC output is recti ed in the control unit; the DC output is monitored for rate of
change to determine if the wheel is accelerating or decelerating.

A comparator circuit generates an error signal which is amplied and used to operate a control
valve to modulate the applied brake pressure.

Control laws are used to determine when the wheel is approaching a skid condition
 LIGHTNING
Lightning results from the build up of huge amounts of static charge in the
atmosphere.

If an aircraft is subjected to a lightning strike , or discharge, the structure and

bonding are designed to dissipate this energy

FARADAY CAGE
The metallic aircraft structure acts as a Faraday shield, This is an
enclosure
formed by a conducting material that shields the inside of the structure
from electromagnetic effects.

An external electrical eld will cause the electrical charges within the
structure to redistribute themselves so as to cancel the elds effects
inside
the fuselage. This effect is used very effectively in aircraft to protect
equipment from lightning strikes and other electrostatic discharges.
Lightning normally enters the aircraft at an extremity, e.g. the nose cone
or wing tip; currents fl ow through the conductive structure, and then
exits
the aircraft at another extremity. This can cause short-term interference
 FLIGHT DATA AND COCKPIT VOICE
RECORDERS

Fight data recorder (FDR) this is often reffered as Blackbox. even though the item is painted bright
orange
Data is stored in semiconductor memory via integrated circuits.

Commercial aircraft are required to carry a cockpit voice recorder (CVR). This unit captures and
stores information derived from a number of the aircrafts audio channels that may later become
invaluable in the event of a crash or serious incident.
THANK YOU