US EUROPEAN RELATIONS

MARSHALL PLAN
In 1947 US Secretary of State George
Marshall announced US aid plan to wars
wreckage Europe. This US aid latter called by
Marshall Plan.
The US send US$22 billion to rebuild
Europes industry and agriculture.
Only a prosperous Europe could resist
communism goods & vessels from the US.
 NATO
In 1949 NATO was established to strengthen
US protective role in Europe.
The US was the most dominant actor in NATO
and prompted French Presdient Charles de
Gaulle to leave NATO and pushed the HQ
from Paris to Brussel.
In 1999 NATO bombed serbia and
Montenegro
 USs Invasion of Afghanistan
Oct 7, 2001 The US and British invaded
Afghanistan. Followed by Turkey, Australia,
Canada, Germany, Italy, Nederland, French,
Poland in the following months.
December 2001 ISAF a multinational coalition
formed by UN was deployed in Afghanistan.
This coalition practically involved NATO
members.
 USs Invasion of Iraq
In 2003 the US again invaded Iraq without France and
Germany. US and British troops are the dominant forces
Coalition of Willing consist of Afghanistan, Albania,
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Czech
Republic, Denmark, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia,
Ethiopia, Georgia, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Italy,
Japan, Kuwait, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Marshall
Islands, Micronesia, the Netherlands, Nicaragua, Palau,
the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda,
Singapore, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, South Korea,
Spain, Turkey, Uganda, and Uzbekistan .
 US-European Decline 2003-2004
The US led invasion to Iraq lowering the US
European relations.
Europe: Bush was too unilateral, too reliant on military
forces, too dismissive of international treaties and
norms.
Deep division within Europe between pro-American
(Britain and Spain) and anti-American (led by France
and Germany)
2005 Angela Markel improved relations
2007 Nicolas Zarkozy joined NATO after 47 years.
 European Union
Established in 1993 with 27 member states
The plan to develop Europe Force was
strongly opposed by the US.
2008 US economic recession expanded into
global economic crisis which finally created
economic crisis in Greece and other European
countries.
 US Iran Sanction
In 2011 Obama barred foreign banks to deal
with Irans central bank.
Europe halted oil import from Iran (Iran export
half of its oil to Europe
 The Ukraine Crisis
President Viktor Yanukovych was forced from power in Feb
2014 after followed order from Putins Russia
The US and Europe backed the new pro-Western
government.
Russia annexed Crimea, most of its inhabitant are pro Russia.
Pro-Russian movement in the east Ukraine strengthen
conflict between the West and Russia
The US imposed economic sanctions on Russia which caused
more problems after the drop of world oil price in 2015.