Lecture 6:

Motion Study and Micromotion

Study
20 March 2009
 Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915)
Midvale Steel Company (1881)
Time studies are belong to Taylor
Taylor started his study by two good
steady workers who were physically
strong.
Which is the best way to do this job?
What should constitute a days work?
 Frank and Lilian (1878-1972) Gilbeth.
Motion studies are belong to them
Their activities cover a wide range
Inventions and improvements in building
and construction work, fatigue,
monotony, transfer of skill, development
of such techniques as the process chart,
micromotion study, and chronocyclegragh
 Henry Laurence Gantt(1861-1919);The
assistant of Taylor, Gantt chart, incentive
payment. Humanist policies for employees.
Harrington Emerson (1853-1931); He
studied subject of productivity and wages,
Ralph M. Barnes (1900-1984) the first
professor who was studying on work
measurements.
Marvin E. Mundel (1916-1996); Work
measurement , to simplify the tools
 Motion study can not be discussed without constant
reference to the work of Frank B. Gilbreth and his wife,
Lillian m. Gilbreth
Mrs. Gilbreths trainning as a psychologyst and Mr.
Gilbreths engineering background fitted them in a unique
way to undertake work involving an understanding of
the human factor ,and
a knowledge of material, tools and equipment.
 Studi Gerakan (Motion Study) adalah
analisa yang dilakukan terhadap beberapa
gerakan bagian badan pekerja dalam
menyelesaikan pekerjaannya. Dengan
demikian diharapkan agar gerakan-
gerakan yang tidak efektif dapat dikurangi
atau bahkan dihilangkan sehingga akan
akan diperoleh penghematan dalam waktu
kerja dan pemakaian fasilitas-fasilitas yang
tersedia untuk pekerjaan tersebut
 Motion study or work methods design:for
finding the preferred method of doing work.
That is, the ideal method or one nearest to it
Time study or work measurement: for
determining the standard time to perform a
specific task.
Micromotion Study is the study of the
fundamental element or subdivisions of an
operation by mean of a motion picture camera
and a timing device which accurately indicates
the time intervals on the motion picture film
 Untuk memudahkan analisa terhadap
gerakan-gerakan yang dipelajari,
Frank dan Lilian Gilbreth
menguraikan gerakan kedalam 17
gerakan dasar atau elemen gerakan
yang dinamakan therblig.
Sebagian besar gerakan ini
merupakan gerakan-gerakan dasar
tangan.
1. Mencari ( search )
2. Memilih ( select )
3. Memegang ( Grasp )
4. Menjangkau/membawa tanpa beban ( Transport Empty )
5. Membawa dengan beban ( Transport Loaded )
6. Memegang untuk memakai ( hold )
7. Melepas ( Release load )
8. Mengarahkan ( Position )
9. Mengarahkan Awal ( Pre-Position )
10. Memeriksa ( Inspect )
11. Merakit ( Assemble )
12. Mengurai Rakit ( Diassembly)
13. Memakai ( Use )
14. Kelambatan yang tak terhindarkan ( Unavoidable delay )
15. Keterlambatan yang dapat dihindarkan (Avoidable delay)
16. Merencanakan ( Plan )
17. Istirahat untuk menghilangkan Lelah ( Rest to Overcome Fatigue
)
Physical basic divisions

- Menjangkau ( reach )
- Membawa ( move )
- Melepas ( release )
- Memegang ( Grasp )
- Mengarahkan awal ( Pre Position )
 Objective Basic Divisions
- Memakai ( Use )
- Merakit ( Assemble )
- Mengurai rakit ( Disassemble )

Inefective Therblig

- Mencari ( search )
- Memilih ( select )
- Mengarahkan ( Position )
- Memeriksa ( inspect )
- Merencanakan ( Plan )
 Delay

- Kelambatan yang tak terhindarkan

( unavoidable delay )
- Kelambatan yang dapat dihindarkan
( avoidable delay )
- Istirahat untuk menghilangkan lelah
( rest to overcome fatigue )
- Memegang untuk memakai ( hold )
 Micromotion Study is the study of the fundamental element
or subdivisions of an operation by mean of a motion picture
camera and a timing device which accurately indicates the
time intervals on the motion picture film
Micromotion Study provides a technique for recording and
timing an activity.
It consists of taking motion picture of the operation with a
clock in the picture or with a motion picture camera or video
camera operating at constant and known speed
The purposes of micromotion study are :
As an aid in studying the activities of two or more
persons in group work
As an aid in studying the relationship of the activities of
the operator and the machine
As a means of timing operations
As an aid in obtaining motion time data for time standard
As a permanent record of the method and time of
activities of the operator and the machine
For research in the field of motion and time study
 Two most important uses of micromotion study are:
To assist in finding the preferred of doing work
To assist in training individuals to understand the meaning of
motion study
The procedure of improving methods consists of :
1. filming the operation to be studied
2. analyzing the film
3. charting the results of the analysis
4. developing an improved method through the problem solving
process
Gilbreth also developed two techniques for the study of the motion
path of an operator :
The cyclegraph : to record the path of motion of an operator by
attaching a small electric light bulb to the finger, hand, or other
part of the body and photographing, with still camera, the path of
light as it moves through space
The chronocyclegraph: to record the path of motion in form the
spots of light that it will be spaced according to the speed of the
movement, being widely separated when the operator moves fast
and close together when the movement is slow so that it is posible
to measure accuratly time, speed, acceleration and retardation
and to show direction and path of motion in three dimension
 Dalam menganalisa gerakan kerapkali di
jumpai kesulitan-kesulitan dalam
menentukan batas-batas satu therblig
dengan therblig lainnya karena waktu
perpindahan yang sangat singkat antara satu
elemen gerakan dengan elemen yang lain.
Rekaman gerakan dengan kamera film dapat
mengatasi hal ini.
Dengan bantuan sejenis jam khusus
misalnya microchronometer waktu setiap
elemen dapat diukur.