Chapter 1

Introduction to
Jigs and Fixtures
and
Tools Design
 Tools Design

Process of designing and developing

the tools, methods, and techniques
necessary to improve manufacturing
efficiency and productivity.
Is an ever-changing, growing process
of creative problem solving
 Objectives
Lower manufacturing costs while maintaining
quality and increased production.
Provide simple, easy-to-operate tools for
maximum efficiency.
Reduce manufacturing expenses by producing
parts at the lowest possible cost.
Design tools that consistently produced parts of
high quality.
Design the tools to make it foolproof and
prevent improper use.
Provide protection in the design for maximum
safety of the operator.
 The Design Process
Statement and analysis of the
problem
Analysis of the requirements
Development of initial idea
Development of design alternatives
Finalization of design idea
 Type of Jigs and Fixture
Production work-holding devices
used to manufacture duplicate parts
accurately.
Designed and build to hold, support,
and locate every part; drilled or
machined within the specified limits
The difference is in the way the tools
is guided to the workpiece
 Jigs Fixture
Special device Production tool that
that holds, or is locate, holds, and
placed on a part supports the work
to be machined securely
Should securely
Not only locates
fastened
and holds the
Also help to simplify
workpiece but metalworking
also guides the operation
cutting tool performed on
special equipment
 Types of Jigs
Drill jigs open and closed (box)
 Template Jigs
Used for
accuracy
rather than
speed
Fits over,
on, or into
the work
and is not
usually
clamp
 Plate Jigs
Similar to template jigs, but have
built-in clamps to hold the work.
 Angle-plate/ Modified Angle-plate Jigs

Used to hold parts that are machined at right

angles to their mounting locator.
Have clearance problems with the cutting
tools
 Leaf Jigs
Small box jigs with hinged leaf to
allow for easier loading and
unloading
 Indexing Jigs
Used to accurately space holes or
other machined areas around a part
Multi-station Jigs
 Types of Fixtures
Determined mainly by how the tool is
build
Main construction difference is mass
Due to increased tool forces, fixtures
are built stronger and heavier than a
jig would be for the same part
 Plate Fixtures
Simplest form of fixtures
Made from a flat plate that has variety of
clamps and locators to hold and locate the
part
 Angle-Plate Fixture
Part is normally machined at a right
angle to its locator
 Vise-jaw Fixtures
Used for machining small parts
Indexing Fixtures
Similar to indexing jigs
Machined details evenly space

Multi-station Fixtures
Used primarily for high speed, high
volume production run, where the
machining cycle must be continuous
Duplex fixtures simplest form, 2 station
 Profiling Fixtures
Used to guide tools
for machining
contours that the
machine cannot
normally follow
Fixtures continuously
contacts the tool, an
incorrectly cut shape
is almost impossible
 Tool Drawing vs Production Drawing
Tool drawing are used to transfer detailed
instructions from tool designer to tool maker
Differ from standard production drawing in
amount of detail shown
Dimensioning Tool Drawings
Limit Dimension

Basic Size
Dimension
Reduction and Enlargement
Ratios
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Feature Control Symbols

Geometric Characteristic
Symbols
 Tolerance Values

Datum Reference
Total amount a part
feature may vary
from the stated A specific surface,
dimension line, plane, or
feature that is
assumed to be
perfect and is used
as a reference
point for dimension
Supplementary Symbols
QUIZ 1