CFD ANALYSIS OF DI COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF

DIESEL ENGINE TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE

OF ITS DIFFERENT PISTON CROWN GEOMETRIES

RITURAJ RANJAN(1CR12ME091)
NIKET SAURABH(1CR12ME065)
RAHUL SHARMA(1CR12ME085)
VIVEK OHDAR(1CR12ME122)

Under the guidance of :-

Dr. S.V Prakash
 ABSTRACT

This project investigates experimental analysis of different

piston bowl geometries of DI combustion chamber of single
cylinder diesel engine. From the various experiments it has
been found that efficiency is directly correlated with higher
turbulence velocity and lesser emission of Nox, CO, CO2 &
HC. This project mainly focuses on combustion analysis of
piston crown geometry and improving combustion
efficiency an thus improving the overall efficiency of the
engine. Thus by varying the piston crown geometry,
efficiency of the engine can be analyzed which
comparatively result in lesser emission, higher torque and
break power which ultimately increase efficiency
 INTRODUCTION
An Internal Combustion Engine is one of the best
available reliable source of energy in the field of
agriculture. Major issue arises on performance of
diesel engine are enhanced by proper design of
combustion chamber. Flow and combustion
chemistry which effect swirl induced by re-entrant
piston crown on pollution emission from a single
cylinder diesel engine. For more efficient
combustion, less emission and soot, HC formation is
required. It is observed from the literature that several
studies and methods have been reported in to increase
the performance of engine such as injection pressure,
injection timing, exhaust gas recirculation, swirl
ratio, multi injection spray angle, nozzle diameter etc.
EFFICIENCY OF DIESEL ENGINE
DEPENDS ON

*THE FULE INJECTOR NOZZLE

*FUEL INJECTION PRESSURE
*INJECTION HOLE DIAMETER
*SPRAY ANGLE
*COMBUSTION CHAMBER GEOMETRY
*CYLINDER DIMENSION
 DIESEL ENGINE

Also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine

Internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel

that has been injected into the combustion chamber

Ignition is initiated by the high temperature which a gas

achieves when greatly compressed (adiabatic compression)
 DIRECT INJECTION
Direct injection diesel engines have injectors mounted at the top of

the combustion chamber.

Activated using one of two methods-

1. Hydraulic pressure from the fuel pump
2. Electronic signal from an engine controller.

Hydraulic pressure activated injectors can produce harsh engine

noise.

Electronic signal from an engine controller has greater control.

 METHODOLOGY

1 SELECTION OF TOPIC

2 DESIGN AND DRAFTING

3 CFD & ANALYSIS

 DIMENSIONS

2D modeling done using ansys 14.5

 DIFFERENT PISTON
CROWN GEOMETRIES

Baseline geometry
Modified geometry 1
Modified geometry 2
Modified geometry 3
 SOFTWARE USED

ANSYS FLUENT
14.5
 BOUNDARY CONDITION
CFD analysis was done using Ansys Fluent v14.5.
Boundary conditions are given as mass flow inlet for fuel inlet and
air inlet. And all other boundaries are taken as rigid or fixed.
Fuel selected is diesel(C12H23).
Compression ratio(r) is taken as 15:1. Air fuel ratio is taken as
25:1.
Inlet air temperature is taken as 700k and inlet temperature for
fuel is taken as 300k.
Pressure is taken as atmospheric pressure i.e. 1 bar.
Mean mixture fraction for fuel is taken as 1 in case to make the
fuel homogeneous.
Turbulence model is selected as K-epsilon model(2eqn).
Clearance volume is taken as 4.75mm.
Baseline model meshing
Pressure contour for baseline geometry
Temperature contour for baseline geometry
Velocity contour for baseline geometry
CO contiur for baseline geometry
O2 contour for baseline geometry
OH contour for baseline geometry
N2 contour for baseline geometry
Mesh model for modified geometry 1
Mesh model for modified geometry 2
Mesh model for modified geometry 3
COMPARISON AMONG GEOMETRIES
 CONCLUSION
After the experiment result best suited geometry is Modified
Geometry-1 which can be selected for application in Diesel
Engine.
Also it is Ultimately the best geometry from the selected ones,
in terms of combustion efficiency as well as Pollution Emissions.
Geometry-1 gives the best output compared to other
geometries.
For modified geometry-1:
Pressure = 34.5 Pa
Temperature = 2649 k
Velocity = 10.4 m/s
Produces better swirl in the chamber which leads to better
mixing of the air and fuel.
Due to this the overall efficiency increases.
There is slight increase in emission of CO which can be
reduced before exhaust gas comes out of the automobile. Using
various methods such as catalytic converter amount of CO can
be reduced.
 FUTURE SCOPE
In this analysis the parameter used is modification of
piston crown geometries. hence by changing the shape
of cavity of piston efficiency can be improved
Also in future analysis can be done by changing various
other parameter such as fuel injection angle, inlet valve
position, no of inlet valve e.t.c.
Also by changing types of fuel used, material of piston,
etc. various changes in efficiency can be obtained
Thus by changing different parameters various
improvement in efficiency can be obtained. On this
analysis further work can be done in future as DI diesel
engines have wide range of application in human life.
 REFERENCES
1. Diesel fuel injection- How it works Diesel power. June 2007.
Retrieved November 24, 2012

2. diesel engine . freedom CAR and vehicle technologies program.

U.S department of Energy, Aug 2003.

3. high swirl inducing piston bowl in small diesel engine for emissioon
reduction B.V.V.S.U. prashad, C.S sharma

4. Optimization of combustion chamber of direct injection diesel engine

by Arturo de risi. Laforgia.

5. CFD modeling of the in cylinder flow in direct injection diesel engine by

H sushma.
THANK YOU .