DETERMINATION OF ZINC

PARTITION COEFFICIENT OF
JAMSHORO SOIL BY BATCH
EQUILIBRIUM TEST
DETERMINATION OF ZINC PARTITION
COEFFICIENT OF JAMSHORO SOIL BY
BATCH EQUILIBRIUM TEST

by
Intikhab Ali (G.L) 07CE92
Hassan Shah (A.G.L) 0706CE92
Shafqat Sharif Solangi 07CE136
Farhan Zaman 07CE133
Mohsin Ansari 07CE68
Sandesh 07CE117

Supervised by: Prof: Dr. Aneel Kumar

 Introduction
The generation rate of municipal and industrial waste in
Hyderabad is about 3500 tons/day.

The waste material generally contains various heavy

metals like Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd etc.

Heavy metals are hazardous to the environment.

Heavy metals have +ve charge, so sorbed by the clay

which have -ve charge.
Groundwater contamination from
waste disposal site
 Purpose
To dump this waste material Jamshoro soil was investigated
to evaluate its efficiency to hold the heavy metals (sorption
capacity)

The zinc was selected as a target heavy metal which was

obtained by dissolving Zinc chloride compound in DW.
 Site location
11 km away from Hyderabad toll plaza towards Karachi
 Sorption
Sorption refers to mass transfer process between
contaminant dissolved in ground water (liquid
phase)and the contaminant sorbed on porous
medium (solid phase).

It is also known as partitioning.

The partition (distribution ) coefficient Kd is a

parameter to evaluate the sorption capacity of
soil.
Various sorption processes

Schematic of different sorption Adsorption vs

process absorption
 Factors affecting sorption

Contaminant characteristics

Soil characteristics

Fluid characteristics
Methods to Determine Partition
Coefficient (Kd)

Labortary methods

Emperical method

Field method
 Labortary methods

Coulmn Test:

more reliable but time consuming

Batch Equilibrium Test:

simple method
 Batch Equlibrium Test
Procedure

Mixing of soil and solution

Seperation by centrifuging and filteration

Analysis of supernatant for equilibrium

concentration (Ceql) by Atomic Absorption
Spectrometer
 Procedure

Mixture of soil and solution Horizontal shaker

 Procedure

After Centrifuging and

Centrifuging Filteration
Atomic Absorption
Spectrometer
 Sorption isotherm
The relationship b/w the contaminant sorbed by the soil
solids (Csolid) and that present in soil at equilibrium (C eql) is
known as sorption isotherm.

The condition at which the concentration of both phases

becomes equal and no more contaminant is sorbed is called
equilibrium concentration (C eql) of solution.

Csolid= (Ci- Ceql ). Vsol /Msolid

Ci=initial concentration of solution (mg/L)

Vsol=volume solution (100 ml)
Msolid=mass of soil solids (5 gm)
Types of sorption isotherm
Linear isotherm

Linear isotherm is developed on a concept that the

soil has an infinite sorption capacity.

Csolid = Kd Ceql

Kd=partition coefficient
 Freundlich isotherm

Freundlich isotherm also has the same limitation

as that of the linear isotherm that there is no limit
to the amount of contaminant that could be
sorbed on a soil grain.

Csolid = Kf CeqlNf-1

Kf and Nf = Freundlich constants

 Langmuir isotherm

Langmuir isotherm has been developed on the

concept that a solid surface possesses a finite
number of sorption sites.

Csolid = Ceql/(1 + Ceql)

= adsorption constant
=maximum amount of contaminant that adsorbed by the
solid
 Sorption isotherms

Freundlich isotherm Linear isotherm

Csolid (mg/g)

Langmuir isotherm

Ceql (mg/L)
 Linear isotherms
25 25

22.5
Kd=Csolid/C eql 22.5
Kd=Csolid/Ceql
20 20

17.5 17.5

15
Kd = 15
Kd =
Csolid (mg/g)
K
12.5 12.5

10
104.65 Kd Csolid (mg/g)
10 80.27 1

7.5 cm3/gm 1 7.5

cm3/gm d
5 5

2.5 2.5

0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Ceql (mg/l)
Ceql (mg/l)

Specimen no .1 Specimen no .2
 Linear isotherms
25 25

22.5 22.5

20
Kd=Csolid/Ceql 20
Kd=Csolid/Ceql
17.5 17.5

15

12.5
Kd =
15

12.5
Kd =
Csolid (mg/g)
Csolid (mg/g)
10 73.75 K 10 81.97 Kd
1 1
7.5
cm3/gm d 7.5
cm3/gm
5 5

2.5 2.5

0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Ceql(mg/l) Ceql (mg/l)

Specimen no .3 Tested specimen no .4

 INDEX PROPERTIES OF SOIL

L.L by P.L by Plasticity Specific Bulk Dry density

penetromet penetromet index gravity density (g/cm)
(g/cm)
er er
PI

63 38 25 2.58 1.592 1.508

Particle size distriubition curve
120.00

100.00

Hydrometer analysis
Sieve analysis
80.00

60.00
Perentage Finer
40.00

20.00

0.00
10 1 0.1 0.01 0 0

Diameter of Particle
 Classification of soil
According to different standards

AASHTO Classification USCS

A-7-5 MH
 Swelling property of soil

120

110

100

90
Compression index= Cc=0.417
80

70

60
voids ratio (e)
50

40 Swelling index= Cs=0.115

30

20

10

0
10 100 1,000 10,000
pressure (p) kg/cm2 (log scale)

e-logp curve
 RESULT

The Kd values for Zn in single solution ranged

from 73.75104.65 cm3/gm.
 CONCLUSION

Thus it is concluded that the Jamshoro soil has

significant sorption capacity for Zn, and it may be
used as contaminant barrier in landfill to save the
under ground water reserviors.
 RECOMMENDATION

The investigation should be further enhance for

other heavy metals like lead (Pb), copper
(Cu),nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd).

The Kd values should b compare with each other.