River Basin Simulation

with WEAP
Water Evaluation and Planning System

DavidRosenberg
CEE5460WaterResources
Engineering
 Learning Objectives
Describereasonstomodelprioritybasedwaterallocations
Drawasystemschematic(thatincludeswatersources,demand
sites,andreturnflows)
Calculateallocationsgivenavailablewateranddelivery
priorities
Addreservoirstorageandreleasepriorities
UsetheWEAPsystemtosetuptheschematic,enterdata,
obtainresults,anddefine+analyzescenarios

http://www.weap21.org/
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 Motivation
Todeterminewateravailability,needtotrackinflows,
reservoirstorage,groundwater,returnflows,andsoil
moisture
Thendeterminedemands,deliveries,andshortages
Alsoneedtoconsiderallocationpriorities
Appropriationdoctrine(firstintime,firstinright)
Bypurpose(e.g.:urbandemandsbeforeenvironmental)
Bylocation(e.g.:upstream,thendownstream,orreverse)
WEAPHistory
Firstdevelopedin1992
WEAP21versionin2005
Already119publishedapplications(33in2010)

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 Draw a System Schematic
Identifythemajorsystemcomponents
Watersources(surfaceandgroundwater)
Demandsites(agricultural,urban,etc..)
Sourceconnectionstodemandsites
Outflowsfromdemandsitesafteruse

Example1:Arivercansupplywatertoacityandan
agriculturaldistrict.Theoutfallsfromagriculturaldrain
pipesandthecityswastewatertreatmentplantarelocated
downstreamofbothdiversionintakes.

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Drawing a System Schematic (cont.)
Example2:Arivercansupplywatertoacityandan
agriculturaldistrict.Thecityislocatedupstreamofthe
agriculturaldistrict.40%ofthecityswithdrawalsare
collected,treated,returnedtotheriver,andavailablefor
downstreamusebytheagriculturaldistrict.

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 Calculate Allocations
1. Drawtheschematic(previousslides)
2. Determinedeliverytargetsfordemandsites(demands)
3. Assignprioritiestodemandsites(deliverypreferences)
4. Determinewateravailability
Sources
Returnflows
5. Allocateremainingavailablewatertomeetdelivery
targetofhighestprioritydemandsite
6. RepeatSteps4and5fornexthighestprioritysite.

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 Calculate Allocations (cont.)
Example3:Arivercansupplywatertoacityandan
agriculturaldistrict.Theoutfallsfromagriculturaldrain
pipesandthecityswastewatertreatmentplantarelocated
downstreamofbothdiversionintakes.

70acftisavailableintheriver Delivery
Demand Priority
thisyear.Thetableshows Site [rank] Target
demandsiteprioritiesand [acft/yr]
City 2(lower) 30
deliverytargets.
Agricultural 1(high) 60
Whatwatervolumeis
allocatedtoeachdemandsite?

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 Calculate Allocations (cont.)
Example4:Arivercansupplywatertoacityandan
agriculturaldistrict.Thecityislocatedupstreamofthe
agriculturaldistrict.40%ofthecityswithdrawalsare
collected,treated,returnedtotheriver,andavailablefor
downstreamusebytheagriculturaldistrict.
70acftisavailableintheriver Delivery
Demand Priority
thisyear.Thetableshows Site [rank] Target
demandsiteprioritiesand [acft/yr]
City 2(lower) 30
deliverytargets.
Agricultural 1(high) 60
Whatwatervolumeis
allocatedtoeachdemandsite?
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 Calculate Allocations (cont.)

Alwaysusemassbalancetodeterminewateravailable
toauser(oratmodelnode)
Allocationcalculationsgetmorecomplicatedasadd
demandsitesandreturnflows
Computermodelingcanreallyhelp!

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 Adding Reservoirs
Reservoirsarejustanothersupplysource
Reservoirsourceavailabilitydeterminedby
Storageatendofprevioustimestep
Reservoirreleaserules
Reservoirinflows,evaporationlosses,etc.
Recallstoragepartition

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 Adding Reservoirs (cont.)
InWEAP
1. FirstuseinstreamflowstomeetDemandSitetargets
2. Ifinstreamflowsinadequate,withdrawfromreservoirs
3. Withdrawalafunctionofreservoirstorage
4. Canalsoassignprioritiestorefillreservoirs

Withdraw to meet full

delivery target

Withdraw reduced amount

(buffer coefficient)

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 WEAP Allocation Math
Ineachtimestep,WEAPsolvesasmalllinearprogram
MaximizeDemandSatisfaction
Suchthat: 1. Meetsupplypriorities
2. Obeydemandsitepreferences
3. Massbalance
4. Otherconstraints
EmbedtheLPinatimeseriessimulation(psuedocode)

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 Using WEAP
MajorModules
Schematic
Data
Results
ScenarioExplorer

Introducemodulestoday
Apply&practicethroughonyourown
labexerciseandPBL3

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 WEAP Schematic

Draganddropsystemnodecomponents
Demandsites
Reservoirs,etc.
Drag,click,anddropsystemlinkcomponents
Rivers
Transmissionlinks
Returnflows
AddGISlayerstohelpplacecomponents
MustincludeallinfrastructureyouplantotestinScenario
Explorer

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 Weaping River Example Schematic

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Schematic for the QX61-Malad River

Lower Bear River

QX5-Lower
Bear

Above QX6-Cache
Cutler Cutler GW Cache
Valley
Bear River
Canal Company New
Cache

New Box QX15-South Cache

Elder County QX54-Little Bear

QX27-Box
Elder GW
QX22-
Malad
Reach Reservoir,
Box
Gain Elder proposed
County
Ag. Use

Bird Refuge Urban Use

Wetland
Hypothesized Cross Section for
Above-Cutler Site

1:1
30ft
slope Current
bank river 150ft
channel

10ft
1,700ft
 Example 5. Complete the Lower
Bear River Schematic
OpenthepartiallycompleteWEAPAreafortheLower
BearRiver
Addtherequireddemandsites,reservoirs,transmission
linksandreturnflowstotheschematic.

Whatreservoir(s)didyouadd?
Whatdemandsitesdidyouadd?

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 WEAP Data Module
Enterdataforeachschematiccomponent
Rivers:Headflowsforeachmonthofthesimulation
Demandsites:activitylevels,userates,losses,consumption,
demandpriority(1=highest;99=lowest)
Transmissionlinks:Maxflows,supplypreference
Returnflows:routing(percentreturned)
Reservoirs:storagecapacity,initialstorage,volume
elevationcurve,evaporation,pooldefinitions,buffer
coefficients,priority
Enterdataforabasecaseorascenario
Enterdataorreadfrominputfile

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Alternatively,rightclickanyschematiccomponenttoalsogetto
theDatamodule

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Treeview,Buttons,andTabstonavigatetodesireddata

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GraphicalandtabularviewsofDemandSitePriority

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 WEAP Results Module

ClicktheResults
iconandrecalculate
(allscenarios)
Chooseresultsfrom
schematicor
dropdownlists
Numerousoptionsto
view,tabulate,and
export

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 Water demands by Demand Site

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 WEAP Scenario Explorer

DefineandmanagescenariosfromtheDatamodule
Enterinputdataheretoo

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 WEAP Scenario Explorer (cont.)

Use
Scenario
Explorer
icontoopen
scenario
dashboard

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 Conclusions
WEAPcansimulateprioritybasedwaterallocations
Draganddropinterfacetodrawsystemschematic
Entervarietyofdataforriver,demandsite,reservoir,
returnflow,andothersystemcomponents
Viewresultsinnumerousformats
Usescenariotooltotestandviewresultsforchangesin
modelinputs
ApplyprinciplesinThursdayslabexercisefortheWeber
Basin,Utah

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