DIFFERENT EDUCATION

POLICIES OF PAKISTAN

Presented By
Aliza Zaina
First Educational Conference (1947)
The first National Education Conference was held
at Karachi from November 27th to December 1st,
1947.
First Education Conference was convened in 1947
in the supervision of Quaid-e-Azam.
 He provided the basic guide lines for future
education development.
It was also emphasis to realize the people the
sense of honor, integrity and selfless services to the
nation.
 Education conference 1947 was presided by the
Education Minister of the country and Chairman of
the Conference, Fazal ur Rehman.
Fazal-ur-Rehman, the Education Minister of the
country proposed three dimensions of education

Dimensions
Of Education

Spiritual Vocational
Social
 The Conference formed a number of committees,

Primary and
Secondary Scientific
Education Research
Committee
Committee
Adult Technical
University
Education Education
Education
Committee Committee
Committee

Womens Cultural
Education Relations
Committee Committee

The reports of committees were shared in

November, 1947.
Primary and Secondary Education Committee

The Primary and Secondary

Education Committee
considered it essential that a
national system of education
should be based on the strong
foundations of free and
compulsory primary
education.
It proposed separate pre-
primary and primary education
stages for children of ages 3 to
6 and 6 to 11.
Adult Education Committee
The Committee on Adult Education pointed out that
illiteracy was high at 85 percent and, at the then
rate of increase of literacy, 140 years would be
required to get rid of the problem.
It stated, The primary aim of the campaign must
be not merely to make adults literate but to keep
them literate.
 The report recommended the following stages for
the execution of a programme of adult education.
The first five years were to be devoted to

Planning

Recruitment Of
Teachers

Training

In the sixth year, about 500,000 persons were to

be made literate with an annual increase of
300,000 thereafter.
 The major recommendations of the conference
were
 Implementation

This policy could not be implemented properly due to

increased number of immigrants and other
administrative problems of new born country.
More or less British colonial system was continued.
National Commission On Education(1959)

The Commission was addressed by

the President of Pakistan, General
Mohammad Ayub Khan, on January
5, 1959.
In this commission compulsory
education of 10 years was made.
Religious education be compulsory .
Equal expansion for boys and girls
education.
 Recommendations of the commission were
 Implementation

The National Education Commission

recommendations were useful but due to the
conditions of country and the situation of
resources they were not applied well.
New Education Policy (1970)
The revised proposals were reviewed by the
committee of the Cabinet in the light of
implications of the announcement by the President
in his address to the nation on November 28,
1969.
The new Education Policy was finally adopted by
the Cabinet on March 26, 1970.
The new Education Policy has following salient features:

Emphasis on ideological orientation

Emphasis on science and technology education

Decentralization of educational administration

Eradication of illiteracy

Formation of national education units

 ! Implementation

This policy was not

implemented due to the war
with India, separation of East
Pakistan, and the collapse of the
military government.
Education Policy (1972)
Zulifqar Bhutto announced a National
Education Policy on 29 March 1972.
Salient features of this policy are

1 Promotion of ideology of Pakistan

2 Universal education

3 Equality in education

4 Personality development
5 Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs
of the society

6 Integrated technical and science education

Active participation of teacher, students

7
and parents in educational affairs

8 Nationalization of educational institutions

 Announced free & universal education up to
Class X for both girls & boys.

first phase October 1972, all

public & private schools to
provide free education up to
class VIII

Second phase starting 1974,

free education extended up to
Class X.
 Implementatio
n

This policy was a good approach towards

betterment, but has many drawbacks due to
which it cannot be achieved thoroughly e.g.
universal basic education, shift towards agro-
technical studies etc.
 Education conference 1947 was held in ?
Ans: Karachi

Under National Commission 1959, compulsory

education was recommended upto class ?
Ans: 10

All private institutions were nationalized on which

educational policy?
Ans: Education Policy 1972
National Education Policy (1979)
Salient features of National Education Policy were
announced, by the Minister for Education in
October 1978.
The Draft work plan of the policy was presented to
the Cabinet in December, 1978.
The Policy was announced in February 1979.
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held
for reviewing the education system and developed
following aims:

Fostering loyalty to Islam

Creation of concept of muslim Ummah

Promotion of science and technical education

Equal opportunities
The following strategies were suggested to
achieve the goals:
Implementation
?
This policy was not implemented properly and failed due
to lack of planning and financial resources.
 National Education Policy
(1992)
A National Conference was held at Islamabad in
April, 1991 under the chairmanship of the Federal
Education Minister.
In this Conference scholars, writers, newspaper
editors, scientists, teachers and Lawyers proposals
for preparing the Education Policy.
The policy framework was discussed by the
Education Minister with the Education Committees
of the Senate and the National Assembly.
The Policy was announced in December 1992.
The major aspect, aims and goals of National Education Policy are

Promotion of Islamic values

1 through education

Improvement in women
2 education

Range of general and

3 technical education at
secondary level
4 Demand oriented
curriculum

Expended span of
5 graduation and post
graduation

Use of AV aids promoting

6 private sector to
participate in
enhancement of literacy
Implementation
This policy could not be implemented due
to change in political scenario of country.
National Education Policy (1998-
2010)
The Prime Minister advised
the Ministry of Education to
design a new Education
Policy in January 1998.
The first revised draft was
submitted to the Cabinet on
18 February, 1998.
The Policy was announced
in March 1998.
Major objectives of National Education Policy were

1. To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic

practices an integral
part of education system.
2. To achieve universal primary education.

3. To meet the basic educational needs of every

individual.

4. To expand the basic education.

5. To ensure equal opportunity of higher education.
6. Laid emphasis on
diversification.
7. To make curriculum
development a
continuous process.

8. To introduce in-service
training programs for
betterment of education.
Suggestions for achievement of above goals were:
 Education Sector Reforms (2005-
2010)
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and
focuses on development of human resources.
The existing Education Policy was announced in
2009
The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows:
1. Free and universal primary education.
2. Free text books.
3. Equal access to opportunities of learning.
4. Improving all aspects in quality education.
5. Introduction of new educational curricula.
6. Development of training learning resources and
materials.
7. Offering incentives for private sector.
8. Introduction of computer course at all levels.
9. Strengthening of research in higher education.
10. Grant for affiliation of madarsas.
11.The allocation for education would be 7% of the
national GDP by 2015.
12. The Literacy rate will be enhanced to 86% by
2015.
13. A Bachelor degree, with a B.Ed, shall be the
minimum requirement for teaching at the
elementary level.
14. A Masters degree for the secondary and higher
secondary with a B.Ed, shall be ensured by 2018
 Country World Ranking Educational Budget
Cuba #1 18.7%
Malaysia #10 8.1%
Iran #58 4.9%
India #81 4.1%
Bangladesh #119 2.4%

Pakistan #126 1.8%

Indonesia #130 1.2%
Ultimate Objectives Of Pakistan
Education policies
1) Every policy of education is based on ?
a) Ideology of nationb) Social Development
c) Intellectual Development d) Skill Development
Ans: a) Ideology of nation

2) The existing Education Policy was announced in ____.

a) 2009 b) 2010 c) 2011 d) 2012
Ans: a) 2009

3) National Education Policy 1992 does not

implemented due to _.
a)Lack of Financial Resources b) Lack of Planning
c) Political Crisis d) Administrative Problem
Ans: c) Political crisis
Shakoor , A., & Azeem, M. (2011). 1947-2008 Evaluation of
Elementary Education in Pakistan. International Journal of
Humanities and Social Science, 1(15).
Irfan, N. (1965). Educational Policies in Pakistan: A Comparative
Study. Islamabad, Pk: Institute of Policies Studies.
Khan, A. (1981). Philosophy and History of Education. Urdu Bazaar,
LHR: Ilmi Book House.
Bengali, K. (1999).History of Educational Policy Making and Planning
in Pakistan. Islamabad, Pk: Sustainable Development Policy
Institute. Retrieved from
https://www.sdpi.org/publications/files/W40History%20of
%20Educational%20Policy%20Making.pdf on10/04/15
Thank
you