1A elements

Presentation by Jeremy Fischer and Nikki

Dixon
Period 5
 Element Data

Group 1A of the periodic table is also known

as the alkali metals which contain: hydrogen
H, Lithium Li, Sodium Na, Potassium K,
Rubidium Rb, Cesium Cs, and Francium Fr.

These elements are soft, shiny, low melting

point metals highly reactive metals which
tarnish when exposed to air, all except
hydrogen which pretty much is air.
 Hydrogen (H)

Atomic number- 1
Atomic mass- 1.00794
Boiling point-20.28 K (-252.87C or
-423.17F)
Melting point- 13.81 K (-259.34C or
-434.81F)
Hydrogen is inside of the air we
breathe
Hydrogen part 2 (H)
 Hydrogen part 3 (H)
Discovered by Robert Boyle
Discovered as early as 1671
Named for the part of air we breathe
Hydro means water and gen means genes which
together in Greek mean water forming
 Hydrogen part 4 (H)
Found pretty much everywhere
Used in hydrogen bombs, it fuels the sun, is
added to fats and oils, and is used in breathing
Health hazards: headaches, ringing in ears,
dizziness, drowsiness, unconsciousness, nausea,
vomiting and depression of all the senses.
 Lithium (Li)

Atomic mass: 6.941

Atomic number:3
State at room temperature: Solid
Lithium is inside most pills today
Lithium part 2 (Li)
 Lithium part 3 (Li)

Who discovered it: Johan August

Arfwedson
Discovered in: 1817
Named for the mineral petilite
Lith is Greek for stone
 Lithium part 4 (Li)
Found in .00007% of the earths crust or in the
mineral petilite
Used in special glasses and ceramics, plus
lithium hydroxide can be used to eliminate
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
Health hazards: Skin: Redness. Skin burns.
Pain. Blisters. Eyes: Redness. Pain. Severe
deep burns. Ingestion: Abdominal cramps.
Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Nausea.
Shock or collapse. Vomiting. Weakness. And is
also flammable
Sodium (Na)
Atomic Mass-22.989768
Atomic Number-11
State at room temperature: Solid
Sodium is in salt
 Sodium part 2 (Na)

Melting point-370.95 K (97.80C or

208.04F)
Boiling point-1156 K (883C or 1621F)
Color- silvery white
Density- 0.97 grams per cubic
centimeter
 Sodium part 3 (Na)

Discovered by Sir Humphry Davy

Discovered in 1807
Named for soda
Sodium is Latin for headache remedy
 Sodium Part 4 (Na)

2.6% is found in the earths crust and is

obtained by the electrolysis of caustic soda
Used in titanium, sodamide, sodium cyanide,
sodium peroxide, and sodium hydride. Liquid
sodium has been used as a coolant for
nuclear reactors. Sodium vapor is used in
streetlights and produces a brilliant yellow
light.
Health hazards: can explode, Diabetes due to
salt consumption, heart failure, and strokes
 Potassium (K)

Atomic number-19
Atomic mass-39.0983
State at room temperature- solid
Potassium can be made into a
metal and can also be in a
banana
 Potassium part 2 (K)

Boiling point-1032 K (759C or 1398F)

Melting point-336.53 K (63.38C or
146.08F)
Color-silvery, white
Density-0.89 grams per cubic centimeter
 Potassium part 3 (K)

Discovered by Sir Humphry Davy

Discovered in 1807
Named for molten caustic potash
Potassium is Latin for alkali kalium
 Potassium part 4 (K)

Found by the electrolysis of molten

caustic potash, can be obtained from
the minerals sylvite, carnallite, which
are found in ancient seabed's or lakes
Used for consumable items in our
society
Health hazards: heart attacks and
strokes.
 Rubidium (Rd)

Atomic mass-85.4678
Atomic number-37
State at room temperature- Solid

Has several red lines in its

spectroscope
 Rubidium part 2 (Rd)

Boiling point- 961 K (688C or 1270F)

Melting point- 312.46 K (39.31C or
102.76F)
Color- silvery white
Density- 1.53 grams per cubic
centimeter
 Rubidium part 3 (Rd)

Discovered by Robert Bunsen and

Gustav Kirchhof
Discovered in 1861
Rubidus means deepest red in Latin
 Rubidium part 4 (Rd)

Found in the mineral Lepidolite or by

refining Lithium
Used in Vacuum tubes, photocells, and
for special glasses
Health hazards, flammable, thermal
burns, and chemical burns
 Cesium (Cs)

Atomic number- 55
Atomic mass- 132.90
State at room temperature- Solid
Cesium has the lowest melting point of
all metal elements
 Cesium part 2 (Cs)

Boiling point-944 K (671C or 1240F)

Melting point- 301.59 K (28.44C or
83.19F)
Color- sky blue
Density-1.93 grams per cubic
centimeter
 Cesium part 3 (Cs)

Discovered by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen

and Gustav Robert Kirchhof
Discovered in 1860
Cesium means sky blue in Latin
 Cesium Part 4 (Cs)

Found in Durkheim mineral water, and

in the mineral pollucite
Used for removing gases from vacuum
tubes, atomic clocks, and photoelectric
cells
Health hazards- flammable, chemical
burns, and thermal burns
 Francium (Fr)

Atomic number- 87
Atomic mass- 223.019
State at room temperature- Solid
There is no more than one ounce of
francium in the earths crust at one
time
Francium part 2 (Fr)
 Francium part 3 (Fr)

Discovered by Marguerite Catherine

Perey
Discovered in 1939
Francium has the pre-fix Fran which
stands for France
 Francium part 4 (Fr)

Francium can be produced by

bombarding thorium with protons or by
bombarding radium with neutrons.
No uses, besides scientific research
Health hazards- Radioactive
Atomic Radius changes for
alkali metals

Increases down the

group
Ionic Radius changes

Increases down the group

Electronegativity

Decreases down the group

Ionization Energy

Decreases down the group

Electron affinity

Decreases down the group

 Quick and very fun quiz

What 1A or alkali element is the most

abundant element on earth

Sodium
options
Lithium
Hydrogen
Potassium
Rubidium
Answer = HYDROGEN
 This element is in a banana

Potassium
Lithium
Cesium
Hydrogen
Answer = POTASSIUM
 FINAL question

Which of these is not an alkali metal?

Cesium
Francium
Lithium
Holmium
Rubidium
Answer = Holmium