Geology of Jelai to Pos Betau,

Pahang Focusing on Geochemical

Properties of Andesite

Present by: Syazwan Bin Zainal Abidin

Date: 12th April 2017
Location: Meeting Room, Level 2, Block 16, UTP
CONTENT
VIVA Final Year Project
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Methodology
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusion
6. Recommendation
INTRODUCTION
Background of Study
In 2005, PETRONAS Carigali Sdn Bhd make an oil discovery in the
basement within Southern part of Malay Basin through the Anding
Utara-1 exploration well. It is the first basement play discovery in
Malaysia. The hydrocarbon was stored in fractured and weathered
basement which is believed made up of andesite. Basement play is
not new play in the South East Asia region. A huge basement oil
discoveries was made in Cuu Long Basin, Vietnam back in 1986.
The production rate is around 250 000-300 000 bopd. Therefore, a
modern analogue should be carried out in order to analyse further
the reservoir properties of fractured and weathered basement
which could be useful for chasing the basement play in Malay
Basin. An outcrop of andesite at Pos Betau, Pahang has been
selected to conduct the analogue study.
INTRODUCTION
Problem Statement
The tectonic evolution of Bentong-Raub suture zone has
been debated in several publication by describing and
illustrating the major tectonic event involved through
time. In term of geochemistry properties especially
andesite, only little publication is available. Therefore,
this study is carried out to discuss the geochemistry
properties of andesite at different outcrop location along
the suture zone. From here, a better understanding of
andesite properties can be obtained and relate them
with the Anding Utara fractured basement reservoir.
INTRODUCTION
Objectives and Scope of Study
Objectives:
To produce geological map of transect at Pos Betau, Pahang
To analyse structural features of andesite and relate them to past
tectonic evolution
To delineate mineral composition of andesite through geochemical
properties analysis
To relate with Anding Utara fractured basement reservoir
Scope of Study:
Geological mapping
Structural analysis
Geochemical properties analysis
INTRODUCTION
Study Area
The study area is located
at boundaries between
Perak and Pahang. The
road cut, Jalan Ringlet-
Sungai Koyan is a part of a
newly developed road in
2010 with 20 meters wide
double carriage ways. From
campus, it is accessible
from Cameron Highland via
Simpang Pulai and travel
along the route to Ringlet
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction to Peninsular Malaysia
Peninsular Malaysia comprise of two tectonic
blocks, Sibumasu Terrane and Indochina Terrane.
It has been long recognised that the geology of
Peninsular Malaysia is divided into three north-
south longitudinal belts, the Western Belt, Central
Belt and Eastern Belt.
The Sibumasu Terrane form the Western Belt while
the Indochina Terrance form the recently
recognised as East Malaya Block which made up of
the Central and Eastern Belt.
It is well established that a major suture zone, the
Bentong-Raub Suture, the remnant of the main
Palaeo-Tethys ocean basin (Hutchison, 1975 and
Metcalfe, 2000), form the boundary between the
Western Belt and East Malaya Block
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Tectonic Evolution of Peninsular Malaysia
Age Event
Indochina separated from Gondwana
Early Devonian
and birth of Palaeo-Thethys ocean
Sibumasu separated from Gondwana
Carboniferous due to rifting, formation of Meso-Thetys
ocean
Subduction of Palaeo-Thethys ocean
Early to Middle
beneath Indochina, birth of Sukhotai Arc
Permian
(andesitic volcanism)
Collision between Sibumasu and
Late Permian
Sukhotai Arc
Middle Triassic Collision completed

Late Triassic Granitic intrusion, felsic volcanism

LITERATURE REVIEW
Volcanic Rocks on East Malaya Block
Volcanics and volcaniclastic rocks are common in the Central and Eastern Belts
of Peninsular Malaysia.
According to Metcalfe and Chakraborty (1996), significant volumes of re-
worked tuffs and agglomerates of Permian and Triassic age can be seen in the
Central Belt together with intermediate to felsic volcanics.
Sukhothai Arc, which is the result of Palaeo-Tethys ocean being subducted
beneath Indochina Block have produce Permian volcanics and volcaniclastics
including andesitic volcanics (Ghani, 2009). Felsic volcanics are younger in age
(Middle Triassic) and are the products of I-Type granitoids intrusion.
In Eastern Belt, most of the volcanic products are associated with rhyolitic and
andesitic pyroclastic, tuff, agglomerate and minor lava flows of the Pahang
Volcanic Series. The geochemistry of volcanic in the East Malaya Block evolve
from intermediate (andesitic) in Permian to felsic (rhyolite) in the Middle-Upper
Triassic which reflects a significance change in Sukhothai Arc
METHODOLOGY
Final Year Project Workflow
Background study

Data gathering and

fieldwork

Geological mapping

Structural and
Geochemical
Fracture
analysis
Analysis

Result interpretation

Conclusion
PROJECT ACTIVITY FYP 1
Week
No Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Project title selection

2 Proposal writing
3 Submission of extended proposal
4 Project proposal defence

5 Fieldwork preparation-tectonic setting of the outcrop, outcrop lithology, location

of outcrop

Fieldwork 1 i)strike and dips reading, structural features and deformation

6
ii)weathering profile analysis iii)rock samples for petrography study

7 Data analysis & interpretation
8 Geological map generation
9 Report writing
10 Submission of Interim Report
PROJECT ACTIVITY FYP 2
Week
No Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Fieldwork 2 - sample collections for geochemical properties analysis

2 Geochemical properties analysis
3 Data analysis & Interpretation
4 Submission of progress report
5 Pre-SEDEX
6 Submission of draft Final Report
7 Submission of Dissertation (soft bound)
8 Submission of Technical Paper
9 VIVA
10 Submission of Project Dissertation (hardbound)
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Field Observation - Granite (42331.4N, 1013825.1E)

Coarse grain texture Slickenside features caused by frictional

movement along fault plane
30% quartz, 60% feldspar Irregularities on the fault surface used to
and 10% mafic minerals determine the sense of movement-
dextral
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Field Observation - Aplite (42331.4N, 1013825.1E)

Intrusive igneous rock with

same mineral composition
in granite
Normally occur as dikes or
vein
Mineral crystallisation
process occurs rapidly and
solidified at the same time
due to rapid heat loss
Fine grained texture
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Field Observation-Aplite (42331.4N, 1013825.1E)

Prone to deformation
compared to granite
Displacement of highly
fractured aplite indicates
a normal fault
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Field Observation - Graphite Schist (42048N, 101407.8E)

Intermediate to high grade metamorphic rock

forms on convergent plate boundary
Foliated texture where the clay minerals
change their orientation into a parallel
alignment that is perpendicular to the
compressive force
Quartz lenses form in elongation parallel to
folliation
Presence of graphite indicates the parent rock
rich in organic matter but could not be
preserved, only pure carbon is left
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Field Observation - Graphite Schist (42048N, 101407.8E)

Plane of weakness easily form along the

foliated structure where the rocks can
be easily broken off
Landslides in Cameron Highland is
associated with foliated rock oriented
parallel with the hill slope
Iron precipitate coming from water with
high iron concentration can easily
formed parallel with the foliation
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Field Observation - Serpentinite (42042.5N, 1014016.7E)

Associated with metamorphic transformation

of ultramafic rock (peridotite and dunite)
from the Earths oceanic crust where they
undergo hydrothermal metamorphism
Metamorphosed at convergent plate
boundaries where an oceanic plate is pushed
down into mantle.
Presence of serpentinite tells that the area
was a remnants of an oceanic crust that was
exposed at the surface indicate a suture zone
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Field Observation - Chert (42015.8N, 1014023.8E)

Chert is classified as biochemical

sedimentary rock made up of high silica
content deposited on the seabed
Presence of chert give indication that the
surrounding area was once a deep marine
environment
A highly fractured chert gives indication
that they have been subjected to
compressional force and it was consistent
with the interpretation that the surrounding
area was related to subduction zone
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Geological Map of Study Area
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Cross Section of Study Area
Subduction zone
where Sibumasu
block collide with Graphite Schist

Indochina block Chert

where Palaeo-Tehtys
ocean subducted
beneath Indochina
Bentong-Raub Suture
Zone represent the
remnant of ancient
ocean as interpreted
by Hutchison (1975)
Granite Serpentinite Andesite
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Structural Analysis - Rose Diagram
Away from Bentong-Raub Suture Zone

Andesite 1 Andesite 2 Andesite 3

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Geochemical Properties XRF Major Oxides

Samples Normative
Andesite 1 Andesite 2 Andesite 3
wt% mineralogy
Si02 46.799 49.605 49.249 calculation
Al2O3 13.808 13.537 16.715
Fe2O3 11.827 14.615 10.335
TiO2 1.941 3.677 1.826
WinRock software
Na2O 3.489 3.806 3.845
K20 0.304 1.628 0.92
CaO 10.178 7.506 9.266 CIPW Norm
MgO 6.67 3.401 4.873
MnO 0.209 0.281 0.208
P2O5 0.233 0.456 0.244
IUGS QAP
volcanic
classification plot
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Geochemical Properties IUGS QAP Volcanic Plot

Quartz andesite
classification
Low amount of K-
feldspar and abundant
in quartz and
plagioclase
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Correlation with Anding Utara
Sample
Gansar
Anding Anding Same occurrence also can be
(Depth:
Utara Utara AUB AUB seen in Pulau Tioman where the
wt% 3220-
(Depth: (Depth: (Depth: (Depth: volcanic lavas can be classified
3225m)
2845- 2815- 3000m) 3600m)
as andesite, dacite and rhyolite
2850m) 2820m)
(Anuar Ismail, 2003)
SiO2 44.80 40.60 50.50 59.20 54.80
Fe2O3 29.30 19.70 20.60 13.30 22.00
Volcanic rocks from Anding Utara
Al2O3 10.50 12.70 18.30 13.10 11.30 basement and Pos Betau are
K2O 2.39 9.11 2.83 2.71 3.15 made up from the intermediate
BaO 0.00 6.20 2.14 4.04 1.29 magmatic composition
CaO 7.85 3.42 1.17 2.82 2.55
SO3 1.28 2.46 0.89 1.73 1.03
P2O5 1.35 0.00 1.40 1.52 1.59
Total 97.47 94.19 97.83 98.42 97.71
Rhyolit Dacite Andesit Basalt
Rock Rhyo- Rhyo- e e
Andesite Andesite Dacite
type* dacite dacite
CONCLUSION
Several approaches such as geological analysis, structural analysis and geochemical
properties analysis were carried out to achieve the objectives of this study.
From geological analysis, the study area along the road cut of Jelai Pos Betau is related
with subduction zone and consistent with Hutchison (1975) interpretation. Several
changes of lithologies can be observed along the road. Start with granite which
represent the Sibumasu block, followed by graphite schist, serpentinite and chert that
could represent the accreationary prism formed due to subduction, forming the
Bentong-Raub Suture Zone and lastly andesite, part of the East Malaya block.
The structural analysis shows a major compressional force acting in the study area may
be related with the closing of Paleo-Tethys ocean that resulting in collision between
Sibumasu and Indochina Terranes and granitic intrusion
Geochemical properties analysis through XRF indicates that the volcanic rocks in the
study area have the same composition with the volcanic rock in Anding Utara basement
which is andesite. Therefore, volcanic outcrops in Pos Betau can be used as an
analogue for Anding Utara basement reservoir by studying the fracture system and
morphology of the outcrop.
RECOMMENDATION
Further studies should be carried on in this study area focusing on
the fracture system and morphology of the andesite outcrop since
it has the same geochemical composition with Anding Utara
fractured basement reservoir.
A detail fracture mapping of the outcrop by using the scan line
method could be done.
From this data, simulation of reservoir properties in term of
porosity and permeability can be done.
In addition, a detailed thin-section analysis can be done in order to
further identify the type of volcanic rocks present in study area to
support the geochemical properties analysis that has been done
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my gratitude to AP Askury as the

supervisor, JMG Perak, Syazwan Afiq and Edryna and

everyone involved throughout the progress of this project