MECHATRONICS

WEEK 1

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The Instructor.
Engr. Prof. Dr. S.M. Usman Ali shah
Professor & Chairperson
Department of Electrical Engg.
NED University of Engg. & Technology

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The Course.
Pre-requisites

Under-graduate courses in:

Instrumentation and Controls
Digital Electronics
Microprocessors and Applications
Computer Architecture & Organization

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The Course.
Tentative Course Plan
Week1
Introduction to the subject and areas of applications.
Week2
Transducers
Week3
Transducers (continued..)
Week 4
Signal Conditioning Elements
Week 5
Signal Conditioning Elements (contd.)
Week 6
Data Acquisition Systems

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Week 7
Control Systems Engineering

Week 8
Process Control

Week 9
Process Control (contd.)

Week 10
Belts and Gears

Week 11
Belts and Gears (contd.)

Week 12
Mechanical Systems and Mechanical Processes

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Week 13
Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)

Week 14
Mechatronics applications in MEMS

Week 15
Mechatronics applications in MEMS (contd.)

Week 16
Applications of Computers in Mechatronics

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Mechatronics
Mechanisms and Electronics.
Conventional mechanical systems
started going electrical/electronics
from 1970.
Electrical and electronic systems can
be integrated with mechanical systems
and processes because of their
fantastic features, powers and
applications!
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 Mechatronics can be defined as a
multidisciplinary approach to product
and manufacturing system design.
Its the synergistic integration of
mechanical engineering with
electronics and intelligent computer
control in designing, manufacturing
processes and production.
Thru mechatronics atomized and
efficient manufacturing/production
systems for high quality products!
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 Applications of mechatronics are in
every field of production, consumer
products, monitoring and control of
welding process, intelligent robotic
control using ultrasonic
measurements, temperature controllers
etc.

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 Ultrasonic sensors (also known as
transducers when they both send and
receive) work on a principle similar to radar
or sonar which evaluate attributes of a target
by interpreting the echoes from radio or
sound waves respectively. Ultrasonic
sensors generate high frequency sound
waves and evaluate the echo which is
received back by the sensor. Sensors
calculate the time interval between sending
the signal and receiving the echo to
determine the distance to an object.

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 Mechatronics is truly a multidisciplinary
field!

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Mechatronics Design Elements

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 Sensor: The combination of a
transducer and a signal processor.
Signal Conditioning element may
perform the following operations:
1.Signal boosting
2.Noise Reduction
3.Removal of dc offset if any
4.Resolving Compatibility issues
5.Removal of wrong/in access or
duplicate information present

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 Most commonly, signal conditioning
units would include op-amps with
suitable passive elements.
Other signal conditioning elements
(SCE) are adder, subtractor, integrator,
differentiator, current/voltage or
voltage/current converters, sample and
hold amplifiers, instrumentation
amplifiers etc.
For a computer based system, A/D
converters are used as SCEs.
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 Mechatronic systems employ actuators
which are part of the physical process being
monitored and controlled.
Actuation.result of a direct physical
action on a process.
Actuators input low power signal from
computer or signal conditioning units, its
output high output signals (physical
quantities) that are applied to the process
as input.

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 Actuator examples: Solenoids, steeper
motor etc.
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
industrial devices used for interfacing and
controlling analog to digital devices.
A PLC is a sequential logic device..
Can u differentiate a sequential and a
combinational logic device?
PLC generates output signal according to
logic operations performed on the input
signals.
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 The major difference between a computer
controller and a programmable controller?
Programmable controllers are designed to
interface directly whereas a computer
systems requires data acquisition, signal
processing, memory, logic and peripherals
before process implementation.
PLC are programmed with ladder logic, a
graphical method of laying out the
connectivity and logic between system
inputs and outputs.
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1. A typical PLC would include:

1. Integrated Power Supply

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
3. Memory Elements
4. Programmer/Monitor
5. Input/Output Modules

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 A Microcontroller provides a small flexible
control platform and it can easily be
embedded in a mechatronic system.
Microcontroller ?
A microcomputer on a single integrated
circuit containing microprocessor, memory
input/output capabilities and other on-chip
resources.
Large mechatronic systems would employ
desktop/personal/laptop computers as
control platforms.
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Scope of Mechatronics
Better design planning
CAD (computer aided designing)
based designing that involves
computers in the designing in three
stages.
conceptual,
preliminary,
final.
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 Better Process Planning
Use of computer in process planning,
Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP).
More logical and consistent process
planning.
Lower Manufacturing Costs.
High product quality.

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 Reliable and Quality Oriented Manufacturing
Because of computer integrated
manufacturing (CIM), reliable and high
quality oriented products can be
manufactured.

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 Intelligent Process Control
Developments in digital computer systems
have increased their use in process control.
In power plants, process and manufacturing
industries, computer aided process control
is used for passive and active applications.

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 Passive Applications include acquisition
and manipulation (i.e monitoring and
alarming) of data from various processes.

Active applications involve acquisition and

manipulation with additional features like
process control, process and plant
optimization and tuning of various
controllers for best operating performance.

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 Nowadays, in mechatronic systems,
artificial neural networks are used in
manufacturing systems for process control
and inspection to improve production
performance and production quality.

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Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
An artificial neural network (ANN), often just called a
"neural network" (NN), is a mathematical model or
computational model based on
biological neural networks. It consists of an
interconnected group of artificial neurons and
processes information using a connectionist
approach to computation. In most cases an ANN is
an adaptive system that changes its structure based
on external or internal information that flows
through the network during the learning phase.
In more practical terms neural networks are
non-linear statistical data modeling tools. They can
be used to model complex relationships between
inputs and outputs or to find patterns in data.

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 In general, mechatronics helps industries
achieve greater productivity, reliability and
higher quality by incorporating intelligent
self correcting sensory and feedback
system.

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General Parameters for
designing an intelligent
mechatronic system
1. Analyze product design and
development specifications
2. Select process variables, set points,
processes, etc.
3. Design proper analog and digital
circuits.
4. Select mechanical components and
devices.
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1. Design proper mechanical systems like
hydraulic, pneumatic etc.
2. Select sensors, actuators and control
components.
3. Design accurate and precise control
system for various process variables.
4. Develop computer based system (real time
interfacing).
5. Develop necessary computer software and
database

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 Integrate the above stated parameters
effectively.
Monitor the performance of designed
system.

The intelligent designing of mechatronic

system is not only to produce high quality
product but it should also be safe,
affordable to customers (low cost), portable
and produced quickly.

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 Moreover it must be:
Serviceable
Maintainable
Upgradeable

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Applications of Mechatronics
Automatic Washing Machines,
Dishwashers
CD Players, VCR controllers
Document Scanners, MI Equipments
IC Manufacturing Systems
Robotics that used in welding, nuclear
inspection and robot manipulators

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 Fax and Photocopier machines
Laser Printers, Hard Disk drive head
positioning systems
Air-conditioners and elevator controls
Flexible manufacturing systems
Automotive mechatronics (like outdoor
locking, collision avoidance, ignition
systems, anti-roll systemsABS)

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