Lasha Kurdashvili

Kurdashvili
 Keep away from it
The U.S. Presidential elections of 1916 campaign
 Tensions in Europe
Imperialism and nationalism
African continent ( Except Liberia
and Ethiopia)
FrankoPrussian War 1870-1871.
Alsace and Lorrain
The issue of minorities.
Germany building its fleet.
Russian expenditure on the military
system doubled.
The introduction of the alliance
system
Military expenditures
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great
Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions of s.

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914

94 130 154 268 289 398

1910-1914 Increase in
Defense Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
 The Alliance System
Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:
 The Alliance System
Allied Powers: Central Powers:
Share of a pie
Pan-Slavism

The
Powder Keg
of Europe
 The put break of war
Assassination in Sarajevo On June 28, 1914

Gavrilo
Princip
 Who to Blame ?
Austria Blaming Serbia.
Russia supports Serbia as a
brother-Slavic nation.
Germany Supports Austria as
an ally
Britain and France support
Russia
Italy neutral first later
supports the Entente
The Great War begins
Tensions with Germany:
U-boats
Introduction of the
submarine warfare.
U.S. Technological
and monetary support
of the Allies
Lustiniana-1200
people died, 100
Americans
Submarine warfare
reintroduced in 1917
Zimmerman Note
 Russian February
Revolution
February 1917 constitutional, democratic government.
 U.S. in the War
4 U.S. ships sank by
German U-boat.
Time to act
April 6 1916 U.S. declares
war.
Increasing military
capacities.
Draft-10 million men
enlisted.
Convoy System for the
ships.
 Home tasks
Agencies coordinating war
production.
Strikes to minimum.
Encouraging union demands
Farmers grow more corps.
Women and blacks
occupying jobs.
33 billion raised for war
War bonds
Conservation of resources
 Propaganda
Propaganda Office

Anti-Germans

HUNS

No German products on the market

German forbidden at schools

Germans fired from workplaces.

Hamburgers Liberty Steak, Wieners Liberty

Sausage.
 Western Front
General John J. Pershing arrived
in large numbers on the Western
Front in summer 1918

the fresh American troops were

enthusiastically welcomed

The Americans played a role in the Allied

final offensive (Hundred Days Offensive).
General John J. Pershing
Victory over Germany was achieved on
November 11, 1918 after German morale
had collapsed both at home and on the
battlefield.
 Results of War
10 million men killed.
France, Russia and German
each 1.5 million killed
Britain, Austria 1 million
each
Italy 500 000
U.S. 116 000 killed more
than 200 000 wounded
Wilson
Did U.S. win the war ?
Results of War
 Peace Congress
Four empires disappeared: the German, Austro-
Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian.
Four dynasties: the Hohenzollerns, the Habsburgs, the
Romanovs, and the Ottomans.
the Paris Peace Conference
The 1919 Treaty of Versailles
Peace without victory
Wilson's 14th point.
https://messianicjewishhistory.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/14-
points-gif.gif
 Versailles Treat
Revenge on Germany
Germany pays contribution, reparations-
Total 33 billion
Germany returns territories to France
German gives territories to Poland
German gives up its colonial claims
German is forbidden to have military
forces.
League of Nations
 League of nations
The League of Nations was an
intergovernmental organization
founded on 10 January 1920 as a
result of the Paris Peace Conference
that ended the First World War.

collective security and disarmament

negotiation and arbitration.

 League of nations
and U.S.
Some of the Congress members
against the League.
Senators feared the influence from
Europe
Woodrow Wilson starts campaign
In October 1919 Wilson suffers from
stroke
Lost interest in international-back
home.
1921 Wilson leaves the office.
 League of nations
Structure
Headquarter in Geneva
The main constitutional organs of the League:
Assembly: consisted of representatives of all members of
the League.
the Council: four permanent members (Great Britain,
France, Italy, Japan) and four non-permanent members
the Permanent Secretariat: In 1931 the staff numbered
707, Political, Financial and Economics, Transit,
Minorities and Administration
 Work of the League

Resolving territorial disputes

War refugees
Gathering Statistics
Publishing reports
Establishing conferences
Improving working conditions
Human rights
U.S. involved in the non-political contribution of the
League.
 Why did League fail ?

1) No U.S. participation in the League structure

2) No means to punish the violator of the international
rule.
3) Accused in aggression members of the League just fled
from it.
4) Leading members did no cooperate to answer the
international Aggression
 Thank You For Attention

Chapters 24, pp 362 - 375

Movies All Quiet on the Western Front (1930 film), Lawrence of
Arabia (1962), Paths of Glory (1957), What Price Glory? (1926 film),
War Horse (2011 film)