English for Chemist

Part of Speech

M. Idham D. M.
Departement of Chemistry
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Universitas Gadjah Mada

1
 Sentence

A set of words that is complete in

itself, typically containing a
subject and predicate, conveying
a statement, question,
exclamation, or command, and
consisting of a main clause and
sometimes one or more
subordinate clauses (Oxford
dictionary).
2
 Interjection

Preposition Noun

Part of Pronoun
Conjunction
Speech

Adverb Verb

Adjective

3
4
Function of Noun

As a subject (does or receives

the action)
Scientists talk of cause and effect.
John prepare his manuscript.
My works was finally published.
The song was sung by Dalida.

5
Function of Noun

As a direct object (come after a

transitive verb and receive its
action)
I buy a book (buy what?)
Tomorrow morning, we will plant a
tree (plant what?)
We helped Claude to prepare his exam
(help whom?)
I have an appointment with Doctor
(have what?)
6
Function of Noun

As indirect object (follows the

verb & answers to/for whom)
I gave Alex some reports (to
whom).
I buy Michel a Erlenmeyer (for
whom).
My professor send the editor the
draft (to whom)

7
Function of Noun
As an object of preposition (follow the
preposition)
The key of success is studying and practising.
In this laboratory work, I work with you.
Over the river and through the woods to
Grandmothers house we go.
The reaction rate might be accelerated by increasing
the temperature.

A preposition has to have an object and the

object is a noun or pronoun. The examples
of preposition includes of, near, after,
before, from, to, through, under, over,
across, with 8
 Types of nouns

9
Noun clause

Clause functions as a noun. A noun

clause contains a subject and predicate.
Noun clause derived from a statement
(conjuction = that).
Statement: the reaction is dependant on
the temperature.
The results showed that the reaction is
dependant on the temperature.
My understanding is that the reaction is
dependant on the temperature.

10
Noun clause

Noun clause derived from a yes/no

question (conjuction = whether, if).
Statement: is the reaction dependant
on the temperature?.
I wonder whether/if the reaction
dependants on the temperature.
He is not concerned about whether
the reaction will be dependant on the
temperature.

11
Noun clause

Question word question

(conjuction = what, who, which,
when, where, why, how).
Sentence: What did he do?
The most important thing is what
he did.
I am impressed on what he did.
I dont understande why he did
such things.
12
Pronoun

A word that takes the place of a noun

13
Pronoun
The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient
temperature and it was filtered through a pad of
silica.
He asks me whether I know the solution.
The antiplasmodium activity (ies) of fraction 1
(and 2) is higher than that (those) of fraction 3
(and 4).
The isolation of natural products from clove leave
oil provided two main products, namely eugenol
and cariophilene. Both products displayed good
biological activities. While the former contains
aromatic ring, the later does not have any
aromatic ring.

14
 Verb
Anymemberofaclassofwordsth
atfunction
asthemainelementsof
predicate
thattypicallyexpressan action,
an occurrence, or a state of
being

15
 Verb
Transitive verb (used with object)
Give, buy, pass, make, sell, take, show, offer,
leave, wish, lend,..
Cannizaro reaction of benzaldehyde gives
benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol.
The results showed that the reaction is
dependant on the temperature.
Intransitive verb (used without object)
Work, laugh, talk, cry, .
We work hard.
He laughs out loudly.

16
 Verb
Primary verb
be, do,andhave
He is the professor of this laboratory.
The students do some exercise before leaving.
Modal auxilary (aux. verb + V1)
can, may, will, shall, could, might, would,
should,andmust
We can increase the temperature to accelerate the
reaction.
The esterification reaction might occur via the formation
of tetrahedral intermediate.
Full verb
all the
rest..
17
 Adjective
Words that describe or modify
other words.

18
 Adjective
Observation: interesting book,
beautiful girl.
Size and shape: big flask, slow
distillation.
Age: young guy, seven-year-old boy.
Color: white crystal, brown solution.
Origin: American society, French fries.
Material: glass wool, gold medal.

19
 Adjective
Article
Indefinite (a, an)
The product was characterized by an X-ray analysis.
I study in a university in Yogyakarta.
Indefinite (the)
Please bring me a book, the thick one.

I perform a reaction vs the oxidation reaction.

Keluarga Mahasiswa Kimia is a student organization.
The organization consists of 5 departments.
Methyl salicylate and sodium hydroxide were
introduced to the three-necked-flask. The reaction
mixture was stirred .

20
 Adjective
Possesive adjective

21
 Adjective
Possesive adjective
Miranda is editor in chief of the
journal. Her opinion is a great
deal.
Their publication was published
earlier than our publication (ours).
This is my book vs this book is
mine.

22
 Adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Singular (this, that)
This question is simple.
Plural (these, those)
These questions are simple.

23
 Adjective
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Easy Easier The easiest
Dangerous More dangerous The most
dangerous
Good Better The best
Far Further The furthest

Apple = 10k; Banana = 5k ; Grape = 15k

Apple is more expensive than banana. Apple is
cheaper than grape.
Banana is the cheapest fruit. Grape is the most
expensive fruit.
The higher concentration of solution is, the more
frequent the collision will be.

24
 Practice
Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in
the sea and stories of them helping drowning sailors
have been common since Roman times. The more we
learn about dolphins, the more we realize that their
society is more complex than people previously
imagined. They look after other dolphins when they are
ill, care for pregnant mothers and protect the weakest
in the community, as we do. Some scientists have
suggested that dolphins have a language but it is much
more probable that they communicate with each other
without needing words. Could any of these mammals
be more intelligent than man? Certainly the most
common argument in favor of man's superiority over
them that we can kill them more easily than they can
kill us is the least satisfactory. On the contrary, the
more we discover about these remarkable creatures, 25
the less we appear superior when we destroy them.
 Take Home
In scientific books, journals or articles,
please find
10 sentences which contain noun (pronoun), verb
and adjective. Identify them!.
10 sentences which utilize comparative and
superlative adjectives.
Make 3 sentences, 5 yes/no questions, 7
word questions and convert them into the
corresponding noun clauses.
Find 5 examples (for each) of transitive
and intransitive verbs and put them in
sentences.
26
27