Microelectronics

Circuit Analysis and Design

Donald A. Neamen

Chapter 13

Operational Amplifier Circuits

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-1

McGraw-Hill
In this chapter, we will:
Discuss the general design philosophy of an operational
amplifier.

Describe and analyze the dc and ac characteristics of the

classic 741 bipolar operational amplifier circuit.

Describe and analyze the dc and ac characteristics of CMOS

operational amplifier circuits.

Describe and analyze the dc and ac characteristics of

BiCMOS operational amplifier circuits.

Describe the characteristics of two hybrid JFET operational

amplifier circuits.

Design a two-stage CMOS op-amp to match a given output

stage.
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-2
McGraw-Hill
 Block Diagram of an Operational Amplifier

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-3

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Bipolar
Operational
Amplifier

Differential
amplifier

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-4

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 Equivalent Circuit for 741 Op Amp

Differential
amplifier

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-5

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Basic Common-Emitter Differential Pair

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-6

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 Bias Circuit and Input Stage
for 741 Op Amp

Current mirror

Differential amplifier

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-7

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 Expanded
Input Stage

Base currents in current

mirrors are shown.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-8

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 Reference Circuit &
Gain Stage:741 Op Amp

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-9

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 Basic Input Stage

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-10

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 Output Stage:
741 Op Amp

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-11

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 Simplified ac Equivalent Circuit:

741 Op Amp

Ract1 is the effective

resistance of the active
load.
Ri2 is the input
resistance of the gain
stage.
Ad g m (ro 4 Ract1 Ri 2 )

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-12

McGraw-Hill
 ac Equivalent Circuit:
Gain Stage of 741 Op Amp

v01
ib16
Ri 2
R9
v02 ie16
R9 [r 17 (1 ) R8 ]

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-13

McGraw-Hill
 ac Equivalent Circuit:
741 Op Amp Output Stage

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-14

McGraw-Hill
 ac Equivalent Circuit:
741 Op Amp Output Stage

Ro R7 Re 20
r 20 Re 22 Rc19
Re 20
(1 )

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-15

McGraw-Hill
 Problem-Solving Technique:
Operational-Amplifier Circuits
1. DC Analysis: Identify bias point of op-amp
circuit.
a. Reference current must be determined and
then bias currents in individual building
blocks can be determined
2. AC Analysis: Small-signal properties of
building blocks can be analyzed individually.
a. Loading effects of follow-on stages must be
taken into account.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-16

McGraw-Hill
 MC14573 CMOS Op Amp
Equivalent Circuit

Current mirror

Differential amplifier

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-17

McGraw-Hill
 Three Stage
CMOS Op Amp

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-18

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 Cascade Stage:
Folded-Cascade Stage

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-19

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 CMOS
Folded
Cascade
Amplifier

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-20

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 CMOS Current-Mirror
Op Amp

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-21

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 CMOS Cascade Current-
Mirror Op Amp

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-22

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 BiCMOS Folded
Cascade Amplifier

Utilizes the
advantages of
CMOS (low
power) and BJT
(ability to source
large currents).

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-23

McGraw-Hill
 CA3149 BiCMOS Op Amp

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-24

McGraw-Hill
 Bias Current:
CA3140 BiCMOS Op Amp

VSG VBE 7
I 2 I R1
R1
VSG VSD VD
I1 K p (VSG VTP ) 2

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-25

McGraw-Hill
 Example 13.14

Calculate the small signal gain.

Assume VA = 50V.

I C13
g m13 7.69mA / V
VT
VA
ro13 250k
I C13
Av 2 g m13 ro13 1923

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-26

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 Equivalent Circuit:
Hybrid JFET Op-Amp

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-27

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 Equivalent Circuit:
LF155 BiFET Op-Amp Input Stage

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-28

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 2 Stage CMOS Op-Amp

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-29

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 Small-Signal Equivalent
Circuit for 2nd Stage

V1
R1 71.5k
IQ
V2
R2 48.5k
IQ
1
ro 5 ro 6 500k
I Q

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 13-30

McGraw-Hill