S01M01 - GSM Overview B11 - Ed04

11
Do not delete this graphic elements in here:
Section 1
GSM & EGPRS
Module 1
B11 Overview
3JK12244AAAAWBZZA Edition 1.0
BSS B11 BSS B11 GSM & E-GPRS Overview

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Objectives
GSM & EGPRS B11 Overview 113
After successful completion of this course, you should be

able to :
locate specification documents on internet

describe the services and characteristics of GSM and E-GPRS
draw the 2G architecture with its interfaces
describe the main characteristics of the radio interface
Timeslots, TDMA frames, frequencies
explain the basic procedures in GSM and in E-GPRS
Handover & Reselection
Power Control
Call Setup
GPRS Attach and PDP Context Activation
BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

BSS B11 GSM & E-GPRS Overview
1 GSM Standardization

A story of continued improvement
1G (Analog)
2G
AMPS: developed by Bell Labs in US
available since 1983, 1 user/30kHz Better speech quality, security, high spectral
TACS: European variant of AMPS efficiency due to frequency reuse, less interference,
power control to save battery
EIA and TIA adopted IS-54 (D-AMPS) and later on
CDMA (IS-95) standard in US
3G ETSI adopted GSM
Many new services due to

bandwidth of 2 mbps
UMTS (Universal mobile
telecommunication system)
by ETSI
3G LTE
The 3G LTE standard is defined by the 3GPP rel' 8.

Maximum throughput in DL: 326.4 Mbits/sec
Maximum throughput in UL: 86.4 Mbits/sec

Early Days
Reservation of a 2 x 25 MHz spectrum block at 900

1978
MHz
1982 Foundation of Groupe Spcial Mobile within CEPT
The French and German PTTs become the major

drivers for a new system due to spectrum shortage in
1985 their existing analogue networks. They request
proposals for a new mobile system based on an
analogue FDMA system in the 900MHz band

Going Digital
GSM & EGPRS B11 Overview 1 1 10
The CEPT/GSM assembly finally decides on a digital

1987 narrow-band system. The fundamental parameters of
the projected system are frozen.
1989 GSM becomes a Technical Committee within ETSI
1990 GSM Phase 1 specification frozen
1991 First networks in operation. DCS 1800 specification

are frozen.

Going Digital [cont.]
1992 Commercial voice services in 13 networks, in 7

countries.
1993 First roaming agreements are settled
1995 GSM Phase 2 are frozen.

Standardization was a key driver for success
Fragmented, incompatible markets were replaced by a common, large market
Increased competition: International roaming is possible

Every combination of MS, BSS and NSS is Mobile services are more attractive to users
possible Additional stream of revenues for operators
(thanks to standardized interfaces)
This led to low prices, economy of scale and attractive offers to the subscribers
GSM conquered the world

2 GSM Services

2 GSM Services
Teleservices and Bearer Services
Supplementary Value Added

Services Services
Teleservices
Telephone services, emergency calls, the Short Message Service, E-mail and fax
Transit
GSM Network Network if Terminating
any Network
Bearer Services

2 GSM Services
Teleservices
Voice Services:
The most basic Teleservice supported by GSM is telephony
There is an emergency service, where the nearest emergency service
provider is notified by dialing three digits (112)
The Telephony Teleservice and Emergency Teleservice cover normal speech
calls.
Non-Voice Services:
SMS
MMS
Fax
Cell Broadcast

2 GSM Services
Supplementary Services
Supplementary services are provided on top of Teleservices or bearer

services,
they include features such as caller identification, call forwarding, call
waiting, multiparty conversations, and barring of outgoing (international)
calls, among others.
These Services can be controlled by the subscriber as well as by the
network
CLIR
CLIP

2 GSM Services
Value Added Services
Value Added Services are supplied by the respective Service Provider or

network operator, and can be transmitted either via a normal
telephone call or via SMS.
These services offer the supplier a further opportunity - apart from the
price - to attract customers.
News
International/National News
Local News
Sport News
Weather
Lottery Results
Finance News
Transportation
Flight/train Schedule Location services
reservation Traffic Conditions
Itineraries
Nearest Restaurant,
Cinema, Chemist, Parking;
ATM ...

3 GSM/EGPRS Network Architecture

GSM/EGPRS Network Architecture (R'99)
Mobile Core
Mobile Circuit
Station Switching
Mobile Radio V-MSC/VLR G-MSC
Access PSTN
TRA
BTS U C
A HLR
Ater
BSC Mux
BTS
Abis
Gr
Ater Gs
PS
BTS PCU Gb DNS /
DHCP
GGSN
IP Internet /
backbone Intranet
Gn Gi
SGS
N WAP
Gateway
Charging WAP
Gateway services
Operation & Maintenance

Mobile Core Packet Switching
Center
GSM/EGPRS Network Architecture (NGN)
Mobile CS NGN
Station
Mobile Radio MGW
MGW
Access PSTN
TRA
BTS U
Ater A
BSC Mux
BTS
Abis IP HLR
Ater back
PS bone
DNS / DHCP
BTS PCU Gb
GGSN
Internet /
Gi Intranet
SGS
N
Charging WAP
Gateway
Gateway
Operation & Maintenance

Center
GSM/EGPRS Network Architecture (with BSS Native IP)
Mobile Mobile Radio NGN

Station Access
CIC over TDM Media
BSC GW
no impact on
radio interface T
C
TCSL
L
OM
L-
RS
AsigoIP Call
IPTCH Server
IP Backbone
IPGSL
IP GboIP
G CH
BTS
SGSN
1
MFS
Base Station (BTS)
Antennas
Radio Coverage Radio Coverage
Cell 1 Cell 2
BTS
Happy Subscriber
Terminal
Mobile
Station
radio

Base Station Controller (BSC)
Supervision of the BTS's
Counters Configuration
BSC
s
rm
A la

Base Station Controller (BSC) [cont.]
Resource allocation management of TCH on Air and Abis interfaces
Transcoder MSC
BSC
ATerMux
Nibble
RTCH A-interface channel
(AIC)
Abis
Nibble
(static) 1 E1 = 2Mb/s divided in 32 TS
1 TS = 64kb/s
1 nibble = 16kb/s
MS BTS

Base Station Controller (BSC) [cont.]
Radio mobility management (handovers, power control)
s Serving cell
ment
s ur e Neighbour cell
Mea
mand
er Com
BSC dov
Han
BTS
Neighbour cell
Serving cell
BTS
Serving cell
Transcoder (TRAU)
Adaptation of speech coding used in the Mobile network and the one
used in the PSTN
TRAU function is done by the 9125 TC in ALU solution
BTS BSC
Transcodeur
PSTN
12.2kbps 64kbps

Packet Control Unit (PCU)
Resource allocation management of the "packet" interfaces

Translation of the large IP datagrams into small Radio blocks
PCU function is done by the 9130 MFS in ALU solution
Resource Alloc.
BTS BSC
PDCH GCH GCH

Segmentation
PCU
PS-CN
Transmission Gb interface
over Frame Relay
or over IP

Network Subsystem (NSS)
An NSS comprises:
The Mobile Switching Center (MSC):
co-ordinates outgoing and incoming call set up
for subscribers
The Home Location Register (HLR):
It is the central subscriber database within a
given network
It contains the couple (IMSI, LAI)
The Visitor Location Register (VLR): MSC/VLR
It temporarily stores information about the IMEI
EIR
mobile stations entering its coverage area
The Authentication Center (AUC)
It manages the security data used for subscriber HLR
IMSI
authentication
The Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
It stores a black list of IMEI, so that stolen
mobile phones cannot establish calls. It is an
optional server.

GPRS Sub System (GSS)
To handle (E)GPRS data traffic, the GSS includes:

SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node)
Delivery of packet to/from mobiles in the service area
GPRS Mobility procedures (Attach / detach, location
management)
Logical link management
Ciphering
Authentication
Charging
GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node), the interface

with PDN
Routing of packet between PDN and mobile serving node
(SGSN)
Logical interface with packet data network
DHCP role, to allocate IP addresses to the MS using
(E)GPRS

Mobile Station (MS)
Mobile stations provide radio and processing functions that allow

subscriber to access the mobile network.
Each has its own International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)
IMSI and other subscriber-related information are stored on the SIM-
card.
GSM capabilities of the MS are improving with each 3GPP release.
However old MS are still compatible with the newest BSS release.
R4
R99
Ph2
Ph1

Operations and Maintenance
O&M Network
9153 OMC-R
9155 RNP
Q3
interface
HMI
NMC
9159 NPO
BTS Telecom Network

BSC MFS
TC

4 Air Interface

4 Air Interface
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
TDMA is the GSM channel access method: several MS use the same
frequency channel but different timeslots.
One user collects the occurrence of its timeslot and forms a
multi-frame.
1 TDMA frame = 120/26ms (4.615ms)
0 TS2 7 0 TS2 7 0 TS2 7
0 1 2 3 23 24 25 0 1 2 3 23 24 25
Multiframe: 26 frames = 120 ms "TRAFFIC" type Multiframe
0 1 2 3 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 48 49 50
Multiframe: 51 frames (= 235 ms approx.)
"SIGNALING" type Multiframe

4 Air Interface
Frequency Bands
Uplink Downlink
Frequency span ARFCN
frequencies frequencies
890.2 to 915.0 935.2 to 960.0

P-GSM band 1 124
MHz MHz
E-GSM
880.2 to 890.0 925.2 to 935.0
G1 band 975 1023.0
MHz MHz
1710.2 to 1784.8 1805.2 to 1879.8
DCS1800 band 512 885
MHz MHz
824.2 to 848.8 869.2 to 893.8
GSM850 band 128 251
MHz MHz
Americas
1850.2 to 1909.8 1930.2 to 1989.8
DCS1900 band 512 810
MHz MHz

4 Air Interface
Frequency Reuse
Frequency Reuse due to limited spectrum

Separation between the cells using same frequency to avoid co-frequency
interference
far enough ?
ARFCN F1 ARFCN F3
ARFCN F1

4 Air Interface
Radio Physical & Logical Channels
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
FCCH
TCH
SCH
BCCH TCH SACCH
FACCH
CCCH
BCC
AGCH
PDTCH
PCH
PDCH PACCH
RACH
PTCCH
SDCCH
SDC
SACCH

4 Air Interface
Radio Physical & Logical Channels [cont.]
Family Abbreviation Name Type Role/Info carried
FCCH Frequency Correction Channel MP MS Frequency for synthesizer alignment Frequency
SCH Synchronization Channel MP MS Timing sync Frame No. Sync

Broadcast
BCCH Broadcast Common Channel MP MS Broadcast system information Normal
RACH Random Access Channel PP MS Network access (Channel request ) Access
PCH Paging Channel PP MS Subscriber paging (paging) Normal

CCCH
Common Access Grant Channel PP SDCCH channel assignment (Imm. Ass ) Normal
AGCH MS
Control
Channels CBCH Cell Broadcast Control Channel MP Broadcast short messages (SMS/CB) Normal
MS
NCH Notification Channel MP Accessibility notification (VGCS/VBS) Normal
MS
Dedicated SDCCH Standalone Dedicated Ctrl CH. PP Out-of-call signaling Normal
Signaling
(out of call) SACCH Slow Associated Control CH. PP Measurements-P Contr. -Timing adv. Normal
TCH/F Traffic Full Rate Channel PP 13 kbps traffic Normal

Dedicated
Traffic + TCH/H Traffic Half Rate Channel PP 5.6 kbps traffic(phase 2) Normal
Signaling
(during call) SACCH Slow Associated Control CH. PP Measurements - P Contr. - Timing adv. Normal
FACCH Fast Associated Control CH. PP In-call signaling (cycle stealing) Normal


4 Air Interface
Cellular Environment
umbrella cell
DCS1800 3
1 umbrella cell
GSM900
2 mini cell
GSM900
mini cell 3
DCS1800
4 indoor cell 1. Initial GSM coverage: large cells

900/1800 2. Densification phase 1: smaller cells
3. Densification phase 2: DCS1800 introduction
4. Specific solutions: Indoor, in-tunnel, repeater, etc

5 Basic Procedures

5 Basic Procedures
Identification Numbers
MS-ISDN (Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number)
TM
DN
"Phone number" allocated to subscriber
SI
IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)
MS -I
Hardcoded in SIM-card
15 digits - MCC (3) + MNC (2) + MSIN
TMSI (Temporary Mobile Subscriber identity)
IMSI
Used instead of IMSI on radio link for security
reasons
MS-ISDN
1 3 45 67890 IMSI 33 6 1391
6036
208 2 0 1
nce 33 France
208 Fra es t ination Code
elecom tio n al D
Bo uy g ues T
613 NDC: Na
20
H LR 11
cri be r Number
11 Subs
id ent i t y Number 916036
890 S ubscriber
3456 7

5 Basic Procedures
Location Area
Location Area: A cluster of one or more cells

1 LA comprises cells from 1 or several BSC (usually around 100 to 200 cells
per LA*)
But must belong to only one MSC
When MSC want to page a MS, it broadcasts the Paging to the whole LA
LAI (Location Area Identity) = MCC + MNC + LAC
CS
CS paging
paging
CS
paging PCH BSC
MSC
Location area

5 Basic Procedures
Location Updating
Normal or Periodic LU: always initiated by the MS

The MS sends its current LAI & TMSI to the visited VLR
The visited VLR retrieves IMSI from the old VLR and updates the HLR with
the IMSI + new LAI of the mobile
A new TMSI is allocated by the visited VLR to the MS
Too many LU: High load on SDCCH and in VLR/HLR

Not enough LU: Location Area are too large ? Paging channels will be
overloaded

5 Basic Procedures
Idle Mode VS Dedicated Mode
MS not reachable MS reachable
Switch-on End of
transaction
Power Off Idle Dedicated
Network
Switch-off access
MS listens to the "broadcast channel" in downlink.

It scans the frequencies to find the best server cell. idle or dedicated
Idle ?
It might be paged.
MS transmits and receives data on a timeslot.

This timeslot was previously allocated to this MS by the BSC. idle or
Dedicated
dedicated ?
When the exchange of data is over, timeslot is released.

5 Basic Procedures
Call Originating Procedure
MS BSS
MSC/VLR HLR/AuC/SCP/
Channel Request
CCCH
(RACH)
Immediate Assignment
Call (AGCH)
Establish Indication "CM Service Request"
MM Authentication Procedure
Setup MM Identity Request
Security Checks
MM/RR Ciphering Procedure
SDCCH
MM/RR TMSI Reallocation Procedure

Phase
CC Setup Subscription Checking
(calling party rights, call
CC Call Proceeding barring)
Assignment Request Translation of the Called

(CIC) Number
Assignment Command
Assignment Complete
TCH
Release of Assignment Complete

SDCCH Radio
Channel

5 Basic Procedures
Call Originating Procedure [cont.]
MS
BSS
MSC/VLR HLR/AuC/SCP/ V-MSC/VLR
MAP Send Routing Info.

Call If Called Nb
MAP Send Routing Info. Res = MSISDN
Setup ISUP Initial Address Message
ISUP Address Complete Called party

Phase CC Alerting free & ringing
TCH
ISUP Answer Message Called party

CC Connect Answered
CC Connect Ack.
Conv. Conversation phase

Phase
Call CC Disconnect
ISUP Release
Rel. CC Release
Phase CC Release Complete
ISUP Release Complete
Release of Radio Resources

5 Basic Procedures
GSM Signaling Protocol Stack
SS SS
CC CC
Relays
MM MM
Relays
DTAP DTAP
BSSMAP BSSMAP
RR
RR SCCP Relays SCCP
RR' BTSMAP BTSMAP MTP3 MTP3
LapDm LapDm LapD LapD MTP2 MTP2
Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1
MS BTS BSC TC MSC

5 Basic Procedures
Handover
Handover is a key mechanism of GSM

The ongoing call is passed from one channel to another channel
The new channel can be in the same cell or another cell
Based on several criteria (radio measurements, load situation, ), the BSC
decides (at any moment during the communication) in which cell & timeslot
the communication between the Mobile Station and the network has to be
managed.

5 Basic Procedures
Power Control
The objective of the power control is to transmit radio signals on the

Air interface at the right power
Not too high in order to minimize interference with other Mobile Stations
Not too low in order to keep a good transmission
MS Power
When poor
Max value: Pmax signal is power increase
received
When excellent
Min value: Pmin signal is power decrease
received

5 Basic Procedures
Dual Transfer Mode
A dual transfer mode (DTM) capable MS uses a radio resource for CS

traffic and simultaneously one or several radio resources for PS traffic.
Simultaneously
Bla
Bla Bla
Bla
Air
PSCN CSCN
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
PDCH TCH PDCH DL
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
PDCH TCH UL

6 E-GPRS

6 E-GPRS
Principles
GPRS is a new service included within the GSM standard (called 2.5G)
Its purpose is to carry packets at a high bitrate using the circuit-based GSM
E-GPRS is an enhancement of the GPRS (called 2.75G)
It reuses the same principles & hardwares than GPRS, but with an even
higher bitrate (by modifying the Air interface modulation)
It is based on EDGE concept
B7
B11
Ping time MS-GSS

(ms)

6 E-GPRS
Enhancements on the Air Interface
Multiple Up to
GSM Timeslots 20kbps / TS
Interference Up to
GPRS Robustness 59kbps / TS
E-GPRS

6 E-GPRS
Types of MS
Multislot Classes for GPRS/EGPRS
Multislot Downlink Uplink Active

Class TS TS TS
1 1 1 2
2 2 1 3
3 2 2 3
4 3 1 4
5 2 2 4
6 3 2 4
7 3 3 4
8 4 1 5
9 3 2 5
10 4 2 5
11 4 3 5
very common in the market
12 4 4 5
30 5 1 6
31 5 2 6
32 5 3 6 newer generation of MS
33 5 4 6
34 5 5 6

6 E-GPRS
Main Procedures
To access E-GPRS services, the MS:

establishes a radio connection TBF Establishment
authentifies with the SGSN GPRS Attach
gets an IP address from the GGSN PDP Context Activation
MFS
Channel Request
Assignment
TBF Established
SGSN
GPRS Attach Request (TMSI)
GPRS Attach Accept (TLLI)
Logical Link Established

GGSN
Activate PDP Context Request (APN)
Activate PDP Context Accept (IP @)
how to
get ? PDP Context Activated
Link to packet services available when needed
Internet
6 E-GPRS
Exercise
Compute the data throughput for this subscriber:

2
Is Gb throughput greater
This MS has or less than radio
BTS excellent signal throughput ?
MCS = MCS-9
BSC < radio throughput (because
BTS MFS of radio retransmissions, LLC
overhead, )
Ater
Abis PS
BTS Gb
SGS
N GGSN
Internet /
4 PDCH
Gi Intranet
USER DATA
Max Radio Throughput?

1
4*59.2 = 236.8kbps
E-GPRS
7 Interworking with 3G, LTE and GAN

Continuity of Service
The objective of the "RAT interworking" is to provide continuity of

services.
Example with 2G <-> 3G interworking:
Most of Mobiles are bi-mode 2G/3G terminals and 3G subscribers are also 2G
subscribers.
It is then very important for the Operators to be provided with all the
necessary features to ensure efficient traffic/service sharing between 2G
and 3G.

Handover & Reselection (2G-3G)
3G 2G:
In this direction, 2G/3G inter-working means ensuring service continuity at
the end of the 3G coverage.
2G 3G:
Allowing a mobile to go (back) to 3G is important, subscriber should get
enhanced 3G services whenever possible.
2G to 3G interoperability
in idle mode : thanks to cell reselection
in dedicated mode : thanks to Inter RAT Handover
in packet transfer mode : thanks to reselection in Packet Transfer Mode

Handover & Reselection (2G-LTE & 2G-GAN)
2G-LTE Reselection
only reselection is currently available because voice services are not yet
fully standardized in LTE
only idle mode and packet transfers can seamlessly resume between both
networks
2G-GAN Handover & Reselection
Generic Access Network extends the radio coverage of 2G & 3G networks
through "pseudo-GAN cells" using WiFi or Bluetooth (= Internet box used
as a cell)
The pseudo-GAN cells are connected to a GAN controller (GANC), which is
connected to the Mobile Core Network.
GSM

8 Evolution from 2G to 3G

8 Evolution from 2G to 3G
Parallel Evolutions Thanks to 3GPP
Ph. 1 R'97 & 98 R99 R'4 onwards
9.6 Kbps Up to 20Kbps/TS EDGE NGN, IMS

Fax and telex Internet services Up to 59Kbps/TS IP Transport
services TFO, AMR DTM, MMS HUGE & REDHOT
Convergence with 3G
GSM S RS l ution
GPR E-GP
N Ev
o
RA
GE
UMTS
Up to 2Mb/s
R'5 HSDPA (14.4Mbps), R'6 HSUPA (5.6Mbps)
New 3GPP features are now applied to both
UMTS and GSM
R'8
3G LTE
150Mbps
per cell
4G
9 Exercises

9 Exercises
Location Update
1- The LU is initiated by the MS autonomously, based on which conditions ?

When the MSC needs to page the MS
When the MS is in idle mode for a long time
After a call drop, when the BSC losts the link with MS
When the MS is switched on
When the MS is switched off
When the LAC of the new serving cell differs from the old serving cell
2- Order the main phases of the LU procedure

4 Authentication & Ciphering phase
3 MS connects to a SDCCH
1 MS requests a dedicated channel
7 SDCCH is released
6 Network sends the new TMSI
5 MS sends its new LA
2 Network allocates a SDCCH

9 Exercises
Fault Detection
What are the different ways to

detect a failure in an equipment?
detect radio problems (interference, coverage, congestion) ?
O&M Network
OMC-R NPO
BTS BSC MFS Telecom Network
TC

9 Exercises
GSM Architecture with NGN
Draw the whole GSM network (including O&M) in TDM mode

Name all equipments and interfaces

End of Module
B11 Overview


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11

Do not delete this graphic elements in here:

BSS B11 BSS B11 GSM & E-GPRS Overview

After successful completion of this course, you should be

locate specification documents on internet

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Many new services due to

The 3G LTE standard is defined by the 3GPP rel' 8.

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Reservation of a 2 x 25 MHz spectrum block at 900

1982 Foundation of Groupe Spcial Mobile within CEPT

The French and German PTTs become the major

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

The CEPT/GSM assembly finally decides on a digital

1989 GSM becomes a Technical Committee within ETSI

1990 GSM Phase 1 specification frozen

1991 First networks in operation. DCS 1800 specification

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

1992 Commercial voice services in 13 networks, in 7

1993 First roaming agreements are settled

1995 GSM Phase 2 are frozen.

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Fragmented, incompatible markets were replaced by a common, large market

Increased competition: International roaming is possible

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Supplementary Value Added

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Supplementary services are provided on top of Teleservices or bearer

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Value Added Services are supplied by the respective Service Provider or

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

3 GSM/EGPRS Network Architecture

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Operation & Maintenance

Operation & Maintenance

Mobile Mobile Radio NGN

Radio Coverage Radio Coverage

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Supervision of the BTS's

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Resource allocation management of TCH on Air and Abis interfaces

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Radio mobility management (handovers, power control)

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Resource allocation management of the "packet" interfaces

PDCH GCH GCH

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

To handle (E)GPRS data traffic, the GSS includes:

GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node), the interface

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Mobile stations provide radio and processing functions that allow

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

BTS Telecom Network

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Multiframe: 26 frames = 120 ms "TRAFFIC" type Multiframe

Multiframe: 51 frames (= 235 ms approx.)

"SIGNALING" type Multiframe

BSS B11 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007