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Christine Carmela R. Ramos, Ph.D.

Crithin May 2005


De La Salle University, Taft Ave. Manila
Deciding Rationally what
To BELIEVE or Not To BELIEVE
- Norris, 1985
Cognitive skills +
Strategies =
probability of a
desirable outcome
- Halpern, 1996
Thoughtful +
effective

Directed thinking
= Desired
outcome

- Halpern, 1996
Formation of logical
inferences
Development of
- Simon and Kapplan, 1989 cohesive +
logical reasoning
patterns
Stahl and Stahl, 1991
Art of thinking better:
more clear
more accurate
more defensible
- Paul, Binker, Adamson, Martin (1989)
Ability to respond to material by:

Distinguishing
facts and
opinions or
personal
feelings
Define, analyze and
devise solutions
Judgments and
inferences Inductive and
deductive
arguments
Arriving at reasonable and informed
conclusions
Applying understanding and knowledge
to new and different problems
Developing rational and reasonable interpretations
Suspending
beliefs

cultural systems,
values and beliefs

assimilating
information
- MCC General Education Initiatives
Basic element of communication

Reading
Writing
Speaking
Listening
Social change
courts
governments
schools
businesses
Helps us uncover bias and prejudice
A path to freedom from half-truths
and deceptions
Willingness to change one point of
view

Continue to examine and re-


examine ideas

Willingness to say I dont know.


Asks pertinent
questions

Assesses statements
and arguments

Able to admit a lack of


understanding or
information
o Has a sense of
curiosity

o Interested in
finding new
solutions
Listens
carefully +
give
feedback
Critical thinking is a lifelong
process of self-assessment

Looks for evidence to support


assumption and beliefs
Suspends
judgment until all
facts have been
gathered and
considered
Adjust opinions

Looks for proof

Examines problem

Rejects irrelevant and incorrect information


- Ferret, (1997)
Asks thought-
provoking questions

Sees connections
between topics + use
of knowledge from
other disciplines
Willing to take a critical
stance on issues

In touch with personal


thoughts and ideas
about topic

Open to new ideas not


necessarily in
agreement with
previous thought
Thank you!

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