Logical Framework Analysis (LFA)

Logical
Framework
Analysis
(LFA)
Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty, Asst Professor, St Aloysius College (Autonomous),
President 2014, JCI Mangalore
Logical frame work
Analysis
What is Logical Framework Analysis?
The Logical Framework Approach (LFA) is a
management tool mainly used in the design,
monitoring and evaluation of
international development projects. It is also
widely known as Goal Oriented Project Planning
(GOPP) or Objectives Oriented Project Planning
(OOPP).
Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty, Asst Professor, St Aloysius College (Autonomous),

President 2014, JCI Mangalore
LFA: What is it all about?
Used as a tool to convert problems/ objectives
into a project. It links the goal and objectives
of a project to its inputs and outputs.
Helps in developing objective indicators for all
stages of the project and means of verification
for the indicators; overall assumptions and risk
factors which have a bearing on the success /
failure of the project.
Also helps in collecting data required for
monitoring and assessing the impact of the
project.
Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty,

Asst Professor, St Aloysius
LFA IS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING THE
QUALITY OF PROJECTS
The Logical Framework Approach is
analytical tool for objectives- oriented project
planning and management
The key words are:
Objectives oriented
Target group oriented
Participatory
Clearly stating the Assumptions
LFA
I
Preparatory Phase
II
Analysis Phase
III
Planning Phase
I. Preparatory Phase
A. Determine the Focus Area
Determine the focus area to be analyzed
Study the focus area
Present results of fact finding in short
report
B. Analyze Stakeholders involved
Identify all stakeholders who have a
relation to the focus area
Identify what the most important
stakeholders contribute to and benefit
from the focus area.
Determine whoWetted
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by Jc Lohith the workshop
II. Analysis Phase
A. Analyze the problems
Formulate problems from point of view of the
identified Stakeholders.
Check whether all relevant problems of stakeholders
are included
Check that problems are understood
Select a tentative starter problem
Identify direct causes of starter problem
Identify direct effects of starter problem
Continue identifying cause-effect relationships
Check completeness of the diagram
Add additional problems if necessary
Draw connecting lines to make Problem Tree
B. Analyze the Objectives
Restate problems as positive statements,
reached situations (objectives)
Compare problems and objectives. Discuss
the formulations.
Examine the means-end relationships
and adjust chart if needed
Draw connecting lines (Objective Tree)
C. Clustering
Identify clusters of related objectives in
terms of expertise required/
commonality/ theme/ affinity
Give a name to each cluster
III. Planning Phase
A. Scope the project

Identify which clusters are outside of
project responsibility/resources
Determine willingness to contribute by
stakeholders to clusters.
Determine the priority ranking for
addressing the different objective
clusters.
Checklist of Criteria
Relationship with state/ national policies/ MDGs
Attractiveness to target groups
Contribution to other clusters
Probability of success
Side effects: Positive/Negative
Urgency
Resource availability
- Funds
- Counterpart institutions
- Expertise required/available
- Time horizon
History of the project
Sustainability
Etc.
B. Determine Intervention Logic and
External Factors
Identify Overall Goal from the

objective tree
Select Project Objectives/Purpose
from objective tree
Identify outputs/results that
contribute to achieving the project
objectives/purpose.

LFA Project Planning
Matrix
Col I Col II Col III Col IV
Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

indicators (OVI) verification (MV)
Goal ( Overall Overall goal hypothesis.

Programme goal)
Step I. Define goal. What is
Purpose (Objectives
short term and long
the wider sector goal? What Purpose / objective
assumptions
term.)
overall problem or need are
Outputs (results)
you trying to address? The Output assumptions.
goal does not change, it may

Activities (Inputs) be affected by external Activity and input
assumption.
factors.
Matrix


Programme goal)
Step 2. Define the
Purpose (Objectives
short term and long
objective/purpose. What Purpose / objective
assumptions
term.)
impact do you hope to make?
Outputs (results)
How will the user benefit? Output assumptions.
Purpose may also be affected

Activities (Inputs) by factors outside your Activity and input
assumption.
project.
Matrix


Programme goal)
Step 3. Define the outputs.

Purpose (Objectives Purpose / objective
short term and long
term.)
What will be the measurable assumptions
Outputs (results)
end results of the planned Output assumptions.
activities? What results will

the project be directly
Activities (Inputs)
responsible for? Project team Activity and input
assumption.
is accountable for the results.

Matrix


Programme goal)
Step 4. Define the activities.

Purpose (Objectives Purpose / objective
short term and long
term.)
What will actually be done to assumptions
Outputs (results)
achieve the outputs? This is a Output assumptions.
summary presentation
showing what needs to be
Activities (Inputs)
done to achieve each output. Activity and input
assumption.

Matrix


Programme goal)
Purpose (Objectives
short term and long
Step 5. Verify vertical Purpose / objective
assumptions
term.)
Outputs (results)
logic. Use ifthen Output assumptions.
test to check cause and

Activities (Inputs)
effect. Activity and input
assumption.

Assumptions / Risks
Assumptions are major conditions which are outside the
direct control of the project, but which are so important
that they will have to be met or have to hold true if the
project is to achieve its objectives.
Sources of generating Assumptions:
1. Unselected Objectives from Objective Tree
2. Constraints/ weaknesses of different stakeholders in the
project- from Stakeholder Analysis
3. Negative side effects of the project interventions
4. Rational, logic argumentations: Which other external factors
must become true to achieve Outputs/Results, assuming that
all the activities are already achieved? and so on..
Matrix

Goal ( Overall Step 7a. What will indicate Step 8a. How will Overall goal hypothesis.
Programme goal whether the goal has been you verify goal
Step 6a. Define the
achieved? OVIs.
Purpose (Objectives
short term and long
term.)
assumptions.
Step 7b. What will indicate
whether the purpose or
objective has been
Step 8b. How will
you verify purpose
OVIs ?
Purpose / objective
assumptions
Outputs (results)
Include
achieved?
here
Step 7c. What will indicate Step 8c. How will Output assumptions.
anything that must

that the outputs have been
achieved? This indicators
you verify output
OVIs?
define terms of reference
happens before the
and the deliverables of the
project.
Activities (Inputs)
project commence.
Step 7d What project
inputs and budget will be
the main OVIs here. What
Step 8d. How will
you verify activity
OVIs. The project
Activity and input
assumption.
inputs are needed to accounts will be a

carryout the activities? major MOV here.
Staff, transport, material,
finance etc. Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty,
Critical conditions
Matrix


Programme goal)
Step 6b. Check the logic.
Purpose (Objectives Will the completed Purpose / objective
short term and long assumptions
term.) activities lead to
Outputs (results)
achievements of the Output assumptions.
outputs? Are all the
resources needed to
achieve the outputs? What
Activities (Inputs) Activity and input
assumptions external to assumption.
project have been made? If

assumption / risk high
redesign. Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty,
Matrix


Programme goal)
Step 6c. Define the
Purpose (Objectives assumption. If the outputs Purpose / objective
term.) are produced would the
Outputs (results) purpose be achieved? Output assumptions.
What assumptions
external to the projects
Activities (Inputs)
have been made about the Activity and input
achievements of the assumption.
outputs? If risk /
assumptions
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by Jc great
Lohith Shetty,
Asst Professor,
then redesign St Aloysius
the project.
Matrix


Programme goal) Step 6d. Define the
Purpose (Objectives assumptions. If the Purpose / objective
term.) project purpose is
Outputs (results) achieved, will this Output assumptions.
contribute to solving
the problem need. If
Activities (Inputs)
no, then redesign the Activity and input
assumption.
project. If yes,
mention the
assumptions.
Matrix

Programme goal
Step 6e. Define the
whether the goal has been
achieved?
you verify goal
OVIs.
Purpose (Objectives
short term and long assumptions. What
Step 8b. How will
you verify purpose
Purpose / objective
assumptions
term.) objective has been OVIs ?
external factors are
achieved?
Outputs (results) Step 7c. What will indicate Step 8c. How will Output assumptions.
needed for, or may
you verify output
OVIs?
prevent the long

project.
Activities (Inputs) term sustainability
Step 8d. How will
you verify activity
Activity and input
assumption.
of the project.
the main OVIs here. What
inputs are needed to
carryout the activities?
OVIs. The project
accounts will be a
major MOV here.
Critical conditions
Matrix

Goal ( Overall
Programme goal)
Purpose (Objectives
Step 7a. What will
indicate whether
short term and long
term.)
Outputs (results)
the goal has been
achieved?
Activities (Inputs)

Matrix

Goal ( Overall
Programme goal)
Purpose (Objectives
short term and long
Step 7b. What will
term.)
indicate whether
Outputs (results)
the purpose or
objective has been
Activities (Inputs)
achieved?
Critical conditions
Matrix

Goal ( Overall
Programme goal)
Step 7c. What will
Purpose (Objectives
short term and long
indicate that the outputs
term.)
have been achieved?
Outputs (results)
This indicators define
terms of reference and
Activities (Inputs)
the deliverables of the
project.

Matrix

Goal ( Overall
Programme goal)
Purpose (Objectives
short term and long inputs and budget will
term.)
be the main OVIs here.
Outputs (results)
What inputs are needed
to carryout the
Activities (Inputs) activities? Staff,
transport, material,
finance etc.
Matrix

achieved? OVIs.
Purpose (Objectives Step 7b. What will indicate Step 8b. How will Purpose / objective
short term and long whether the purpose or you verify purpose assumptions
term.)
Outputs (results)
objective
achieved?
has been
Step 7c. What will indicate

Step 8a. How
OVIs ?
Step 8c. How will Output assumptions.

will you verify
you verify output
OVIs?
Activities (Inputs)
project.
goal OVIs.
Step 8d. How will
you verify activity
Activity and input
assumption.
the main OVIs here. What OVIs. The project
finance etc. Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty, Critical conditions
Matrix

achieved? OVIs.
achieved?
that the outputs have been you verify output
Step 8b. How

OVIs?
will you verify

project.
Activities (Inputs) Step 7d What project Step 8d. How will Activity and input
inputs and budget will be you verify activity assumption.
inputs are needed to
purpose OVIs ?
carryout the activities?
accounts will be a
major MOV here.

Critical conditions
Matrix

Programme goal
Step 8c. How will you
achieved?
you verify goal
OVIs.
verify output OVIs?

achieved?
achieved? This indicators OVIs?
project.
Critical conditions
Matrix

Goal ( Overall
Programme goal Step 8d. How will
Step 7a. What will indicate
achieved?
Step 8a. How will
you verify goal
OVIs.
Overall goal hypothesis.
Purpose (Objectives
short term and long
you verify activity
Step 8b. How will
you verify purpose
Purpose / objective
assumptions
term.)
OVIs. The project
objective
achieved?
has been OVIs ?
Outputs (results)
accounts will be a
Step 7c. What will indicate
Step 8c. How will
you verify output
OVIs?
Output assumptions.
major MOV here

project.
Critical conditions
Matrix

achieved? OVIs.
achieved?
achieved? This indicators OVIs?
project.
finance etc. Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty, Critical conditions
Steps in the formulation of a project
Preparatory Phase
Determine subject of analysis
Determine Stakeholders involved
Analysis
Analysis of problems
Analysis of objectives
Cluster objectives
Planning
Scope the project
Intervention logic
Assumption
Indicators and Means of verification
Implementation Planning
Strategies & Best Practices
Cross cutting issues- Equity, Gender, Exit and Sustainability
Institutional arrangements
Organisation- Personnel, Infrastructure & Scheduling
Monitoring & Evaluation
Learning & Reinforcement Mechanisms
TEN STEPS OF LF PROCESS
1. Define PROJECT PURPOSE (MISSION)

2. Define the GOAL(VISION)
3. Define OUT PUT strategy for achieving PP
4. Define key ACTIVITIES for each output
5. Identify key ASSUMPTIONS
6. Verify VERTICAL LOGIC
7. Define objectively verifiable INDICATORS
8. Verify HORIZONTAL LOGIC
9. Decide on MEANS OF VERIFICATION
10. REVIEW Design Asst Professor, St Aloysius
IV. Implementation Planning
Strategies & Best Practices
Cross cutting issues- Equity, Gender, Exit
and Sustainability
Institutional arrangements
Organisation- Personnel, Infrastructure
& Scheduling
Monitoring & Evaluation
Learning & Reinforcement Mechanisms

The Project Managers
Responsibilities:
1. Produce Outputs- A Management Contract
personal commitment
Management tools, e.g., Log frame Scheduling
Techniques, Influence, Persuasion, Coordination
2. Monitor assumptions at all levels.
3. Alert top management when:
Output achievement uncertain.
Outputs being produced on schedule but not
likely to result in project purpose/goal
achievement
4. Recommend corrective actions.

Logical Framework Analysis (LFA)

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Logical

Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty, Asst Professor, St Aloysius College (Autonomous),

Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty,

A. Scope the project

Identify Overall Goal from the

Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty,

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

Goal ( Overall Overall goal hypothesis.

goal does not change, it may

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

Goal ( Overall Overall goal hypothesis.

Purpose may also be affected

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

Goal ( Overall Overall goal hypothesis.

Step 3. Define the outputs.

activities? What results will

is accountable for the results.

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

Goal ( Overall Overall goal hypothesis.

Step 4. Define the activities.

Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty,

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

Goal ( Overall Overall goal hypothesis.

test to check cause and

Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty,

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

anything that must

inputs are needed to accounts will be a

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

Goal ( Overall Overall goal hypothesis.

project have been made? If

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

Goal ( Overall Overall goal hypothesis.

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

Goal ( Overall Overall goal hypothesis.

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

prevent the long

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty,

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty,

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

Step 7c. What will indicate

Step 8c. How will Output assumptions.

and the deliverables of the

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

Step 8b. How

will you verify

finance etc. Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty,

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

verify output OVIs?

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

major MOV here

Project Structure Objectively variable Means of Assumption risks

1. Define PROJECT PURPOSE (MISSION)

Wetted by Jc Lohith Shetty,

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