A Presentation on

Guided by:
Mr. Arun Beniwal
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Mr. Dinesh Sharma Vikas Pandey
Mr. Praveen Saraswat (13ESKME121)
 OBJECTIVES

INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF 6-STROKE ENGINE

CROWER 6-STROKE ENGINE

WORKING

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON WITH 4-STROKE

ENGINE

ADVANTAGES

LIMITATIONS & OBSTACLES

BETTERMENT

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES
To learn the various types of six stroke engines and
working of a Crower 6-stroke engine with its
advantages, drawbacks, thermodynamic analysis and
comparison with 4-stroke engine.
 The concept of six stroke engine was developed in mid 20 th century
when pollution due to the conventional IC engine increased.
The six stroke engine using water was developed by Bruce Crower in
2006 and he patented his product at the end of 2007.

The6-stroke engineis a type ofinternal combustion enginebased on

thefour-stroke engine, but with additional complexity intended to
make it more efficient and reduce emissions.

There are two power strokes: one with fuel, the other with steam or air.
 A Kochin based engine designer, Anil Cleetus Chanayil
designed a six-stroke engine in 2005 and applied for its
patent with full sketches and drawings to Indian Patent
Office in the same year. He won the patent in 2012.

According to him, this engine will be easy on the

environment and light on the bike users pocket

He also designed a superbike named Niykado using the

same engine, which he says gives a mileage of 72kmpl
6-Stroke engines can be divided into two groups based on the
number of pistons that contribute to the six strokes:
Single piston design:
Griffin 6-stroke engine
Dyer 6-stroke engine
Bajulaz 6-stroke engine
Velozeta 6-stroke engine
NIYKADO 6-stroke engine
Crower 6-stroke engine
Opposed-piston designs
Beare head
M4+2
 TheCROWER six-stroke engineis a claimed high-efficiency
variant of aninternal combustion engine developed by
Bruce Crower.

The engine captures heat, which is lost from conventional

four stroke cycle and additional strokes use it to produce
power by introducing water inside the super heated cylinder.

Two extra strokes are added to the customary internal

combustion engine, which makes asix stroke engine. A third
down-stroke is a "steam stroke" and a third up-stroke
exhausts the expanded steam while venting heat from the
engine.
 The working principles of six stroke engine is based on
the concept of four stroke engine but with some modification,
another two strokes are added.

SUCTION STROKE:

The piston moves from top dead center

to the bottom dead center and creates
vacuum pressure. So the Air and fuel
mixture is sucked in to the cylinder.
COMPRESSION STROKE
The piston moves from
Bottom dead center to top dead
center and compresses the mixture.
The mixture is compressed To high
temperature and pressure.

POWER STROKE:
At the end of compression stroke
the fuel is ignited and burnt. The
pressure inside the cylinder increases
rapidly and it pusses the piston down
and the power is transmitted from
piston to wheel.
EXHAUST STROKE:
The burnt product is pushed
through the exhaust valve by the
upward movement of the piston.

SECONDARY POWER STROKE:

At the end of the exhaust stroke the
cylinder temperature becomes around 900-
10000 C. At this stage water is injected by
an Injector in the form of fine droplets. The
water turns in to vapour increasing
volume around 1600 times when it comes
in contact with the superheated cylinder.
SECONDARY EXHAUST STROKE:

In this stroke the water vapour is

exhausted by the upward motion of the
piston.
 Temperature reaches approx. 1000 C after
combustion stroke

Fresh water is injected directly into the

hotcombustion chamber through the engine's
fuel injector pump just before 5th stroke

This injected water quickly turns to

superheatedsteam

It causes the water to expand to 1600 times its

volume

It forces the piston down for an additional Power

stroke
 Work obtained by six stroke is the sum of the both
combustion work and vaporization work. So that the break mean
effective pressure will increase.
VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM OF 6-STROKE ENGINE

IVO: INLET VALVE OPEN

EVO: EXHAUST VALVE OPEN

IVC: INLET VALVE CLOSE

EVC: EXHAUST VALVE CLOSE

WC : WATER INJECTION
As the diagram shows the fuel flow rate of 6-stroke engine is 50%
lesser than the conventional 4-stroke engine.
THERMAL EFFICIENCY
The thermal efficiency of the engine is the power produced by the
engine to the power available from fuel.

The thermal efficiency of the four stroke engine lies between 20-30%,
where as the thermal efficiency of six stroke engine lies between 40-
50%.
BRAKE SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION
It is the ratio of fuel consumption per second to the brake power.

As seen from the diagram the brake specific fuel consumption of 6-

stroke engine is much lower than the conventional six stroke
engine.
 There is 40% reduction infuel consumption.

Extracts work from heat that is ordinarily lost through

the cooling system of a conventional engine.
Power output per stroke is more.

Reduces exhaust emissions.

Steam stroke cools the engine internally hence

highercompression ratios can be used.
The weight and power loss of conventional cooling
system parts can be eliminated.
 Running problem in cold region:
As the temperature in cold region is low there might
be problem in case of water injection stroke as the
cylinder temperature is low.
Injecting relatively cold water onto a hot metal piston
can damage it over time from thermal expansion and
contraction.
Separate water tank would have significant weight
and space penalties
A steam-free cool down reduces the temperature
inside the combustion chamber.
 To prevent damages due to the action of cold water, we can
utilize the exhaust gases for pre- heating of water.

We can use a condenser instead of a separate water tank

which will reuse the distilled water for a period of cycles.

To compensate the temperature drop inside the chamber

we can further increase the Compression ratio which
increases the power output making it suitable for higher
power requirements.