Broadband

Antennas and
Their Applications
Asfand Yar Akram 14-TE-03
Talha Aslam 14-TE-29
Muhammad Umair 14-TE-57
Muhammad Awais14-TE-103
 Contents
Introduction to Broadband Antennas
History
Properties
Practical Broadband Antennas
Applications of Broadband Antennas
Advantages
 Broadband Antenna
Antennas having wide bandwidth are broadband antennas
They have frequency independent bandwidth
In the range of 10:1 to 40:1 between highest frequency
and lowest frequency
They are also called frequency independent antennas.
 History
The theoretical and technological foundations for
broadband antennas were established between 1957 and
1965 by the American scientists V. H. Rumsey, D. Dyson,
and others.
 Properties
Their primary electrical characteristics vary insignificantly
with frequency
Antennas characteristics depend weakly on frequency
The radiation field is created by currents distributed over
a finite portion of the antenna surface
 Contd.
Impedance and pattern of an antennado not change
significantly over about an octave (fu/fl=2) or more.
Require structures that do not change abruptly in its physical
dimensions, they use materials with smooth boundaries
It results in patterns and input impedance that also change
smoothly with frequency
They have constant pattern, impedance, polarization, gain
and phase over a wide frequency range
 Contd.
Radiation take place from the portion where width is half
wavelength (/2). This region is called active region
Shape of broadband antennas are specified by angles
Radiation is maximum perpendicular to the plane of
structure
V. H. Rumsey showed that this requirement would be
fulfilled by antenna whose equation in spherical
coordinates is of the form:
 Contd.
Beyond the limits of active region, current decrease
sharply as frequency varies
The active region changes in such a way that its relative
dimensions expressed in terms of the wavelength
corresponding to the frequency remain unchanged
Lower wavelength limit max of the antennas operating
range is determined by the frequency at which the active
region is shifted to the edge of the antenna.
 Contd.
The antennas operating range can, be extended toward
the shorter wavelengths as far as desired.
Practically this limit is determined by a number of
incidental factors, such as
i. the cross-sectional dimensions of the power feeder
ii. the breakdown voltage
iii. the transmitted power
 Applications
Broadband antennas are used for shortwave radio
communications, telemetry, and radio astronomy.
During the 1970s lightweight types of relatively simple designs
were developed for various frequency ranges.
Log-periodic wire antennas were developed for decameter
waves
Spiral and helical antennas were created for centimeter and
millimeter waves from strip conductors deposited on a
fiberglass substrate by a photochemical process
 Contd.
Highly directional broadband antennas are being designed
as horn antennas with walls having transverse ribs and
antenna arrays composed of log-periodic or conical helical
radiators positioned along radii in a specific sector of a
circle.
Most commonly broadband antennas are used in base
stations for wireless communication
 Practical Broadband Antennas

Biconical Log Periodic Conical Antenna

Antenna Antenna

Conical Helical Two Arm Spiral Bowtie Antenna

Antenna Antenna
 Advantages
Broadband Antennas are newest generation of antennas
boasting many attractive features. They have:
Broad operating bandwidth
Low profile (have small dimensions i-e height and width)
Light weight
Low cost
Easy integration to arrays and RF circuits
 Contd.
Moderate Gain
Constant Gain
Real input impedance