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Basic Electrics
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Before You Start
The information included in this document is intended for experienced
personnel familiar with this type of equipment.
If there are any questions regarding the information provided or the
application of the provided information, please contact,
aftersales@powerscreen.com.
Operation and maintenance of the machine must be done in accordance with
the instructions in the operation manual for the machine.
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STAY SAFE !
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Switch Off, Tag out and Lockout Procedure
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Introduction to Basic Electrics
The Principles Of Electricity
PRESSURE = VOLTAGE
In electrics it is important to remember a simple fact.
Electricity is a force, we cannot stop/start or control
electricity we can only manipulate it to make it work for us.
Voltage
RESISTANCE Current
= PIPE SIZE
Resistance
FLOW = CURRENT 6
Introduction to Basic Electrics
- Electrical Measurement Units - Voltage
PRESSURE = VOLTAGE
FLOW = CURRENT 7
Introduction to Basic Electrics
- Electrical Measurement Units - Voltage
If we were to put a multi-meter (set to
Vdc) over an open switch contact we
would pick up circuit voltage (12v),
this is because we are asking the
multi-meter what the difference is
between one probe and the other.
12.00
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Introduction to Basic Electrics
- Electrical Measurement Units - Current
The next essential force in electrics is current which is
PRESSURE = VOLTAGE
symbolised as the flow.
Alternating Current
Direct Current
FLOW = CURRENT
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Introduction to Basic Electrics
- Alternating Current (AC) Although all the systems we will consider are DC Systems it is
important to point out the difference between AC/DC
AC current and voltages vary over time between positive and
negative, and the resulting waveform shape is a sine wave.
A common misconception of AC current is that it raises and lowers.
This is not necessarily true.
Alternating current is what is used in our houses and is fed and
then retracted, up and down the same wire like the sea tides. This
is how our house electricity meters work, they detect what is going
in and what comes back to see how much electricity we have
consumed.
Alternating current is found on our machines in some sensors that
detect ranging speeds/frequency e.g. engine speed sensor.
That said alternating current cannot be used to power our
machines as it would continuously charge and flatten the batteries.
Alternating current is what is produced by our engines alternator
and is then rectified by a device called the rectifier. (Details of the
alternator can be found on the How to Introduction to Alternators).
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Introduction to Basic Electrics
- Direct Current (DC)
Once the alternator rectifier has done its work, the type of
current and voltage we are left with is Direct Current.
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Introduction to Basic Electrics
Electrical Measurement Units - Resistance
The third main element of the electrical system is resistance,
this is measured in Ohms() this is symbolised by the taps
on the plumbing system. The more resistance that is provided
by the resistor the more difficult it is for the current to flow.
There are 2 types of resistance, there is good resistance and
bad resistance.
Good resistance is shown at 1, this is a standard light bulb
which is a resistor, the coils in the light bulb resist the flow of
the electricity causing heat and light (although light is mainly
due to the gases contained within the bulb). Resistors come
in many different forms and we use them to restrict the flow of
current on its way to the battery negative/ground as you may
not want the full flow of electricity to that component.
Bad resistance is caused by damaged wires, poor
connections or corrosion as shown at 2, this high resistance
will drain the current which as you can see is causing the
second bulb (3) to glow dim, this is because the current is
fighting the high resistance, leaving very little current for the
bulb.
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Introduction to Basic Electrics
Electrical Measurement Units - Watts
Wattage (W) is the electrical term used for Power, this
can be either the power something produces or the
power something consumes.
An example of a consumer is a light bulb, these are
given wattage ratings and the higher the wattage, the
more light they produce, this is because a 40w bulb will
use more power than a 21w bulb.
An example of a power producer is a motor such as an
generator, it creates power which can be fed back to the
electrical system it is part of.
Another example of a producer is an engine, it is also
rated by wattage but in automotive applications it is
converted to horse power (HP)
Kilowatt = 1 Horse Power
Wattage can be calculated by using Watts Law which is
an unofficial equation for using 2 electrical values to
find out the third. (Shown on page 15)
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Introduction to Basic Electrics
- Circuits
An essential aspect of a working electric circuit it that it is a closed
loop.
You will only achieve current flow in a circuit when there is a closed
loop around the circuit
Basic Circuit
No Current will flow from the battery through the bulb until the
switch is closed.
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Introduction to Basic Electrics
- Basic Laws Of Electrics
V = Voltage
OHMS LAW: WATTS LAW:
I = Current
R = Resistance
V P = Power P
I R V I
V = IxR P = VxI
I = V/R V = P/I
R = V/I I = P/V
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Introduction to Basic Electrics
- Basic Laws Of Electrics
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Introduction to Basic Electrics
Using a Multi-meter
Voltage :
Select DC Voltage range. Remember, the meter must be connected in Parallel to
read DC Voltage.
Current :
Select DC Amps range. Remember, the meter must be connected in series to
read DC current.
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Questions?
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