Construction of a Tube Well

AURANGZEB JADOON
Wells
A tube well is a type of water well in which
a long 100200mm (5 to 8inch) wide
stainless steel tube or pipe is bored into the
underground aquifer.

Objectives to drill a well

Quantity (aquifer is porous, permeable, thick)
Quality (not too near surface or near
contamination)
Accessibility (near surface, diggable, near
village, legal, socially)
To find out lithology of subsurface
Construction of a
Tubewell
Two Phases;
Phase I
Site selection using ER technique,
Trail bore 6-8 diameter,
Subsurface Sampling,
Well logging,
Air compressor test for weak aquifer.

Phase II
Reaming,
Installation of material,
Final development.
Site Selection
Seismic refraction, Electrical resistivity
method
Commonly used wenner configuration and
Schlumberger configuration.

Wenner
Configuration
Trial Bore
In trial bore a simple well is drill at any
point in the survey area
Diameter 6-8
Type of drilling method depends on the
lithology of area.
Percussion and reverse rotary for soft rocks.
Most useful is straight rotary because;
We can perform well logging and air
compressor tests.
In percussion drilling we get samples from
particular depths to do sieve analysis and
well design.
For installation of well we have following
drilling technique

Percussion (house hold well not more than 180 feet)

Straight rotary (consolidated formations)
Reverse rotary (soft unconsolidated formations)
Percussion drilling
Simple type of drilling in which pipe is
penetrated into ground and cuttings are
stored on that hollow pipe and are pulled out
of the well to dispose of the mud from the
pipe
Disadvantages:
Cannot penetrate into deeper horizons
Mechanical percussion
drilling
Reverse rotary drilling
It is a technique used as a mean for drilling large
diameter holes in unconsolidated formations.
For drilling a sharp bit is employed attached to
drilling pipes
Diameter of bit is 0.4-1.8 meter.
Principal:
Water is pumped up through the drilling pipe
employing a large jet pump discharge from the
hole flow into a large pit where cuttings settle out
and the runs through another pipe and back into
hole where water level is maintained
Straight rotary
This technique is used to drill well in hard rocks so
that it can be used to drill consolidated formations

Advantages:
Rapid drilling rate
Convenience of electric logging
Disadvantages:
High equipment cost
More complex operation
Straight rotary drilling
Sub-surface Sampling
Samples from trial bore are analyzed to
recognize aquifer material.
Can also be determined on the basis of
performance of drilling equipment
Clayey material high performance.
Water bearing less performance.
Can also be determined from water losses
Can be due to pressure.
Some out dipping structure.
 Well logging also known as borehole
logging is the practice of making a detailed
record (a well log) of the geologic formations
penetrated by a borehole.

From samples collected discharge (Q) is

determined using Darcy's law.
Confirms well log data to design well.
Air compressor test
Done For aquifer to determine
Discharge
Draw down (D.D)
duration
We lower a filter connected to a M.S pipe (10c
diameter) and another pipe connected to air
compressor.
Air is injected in well to determine discharge (Q).
Air compressor test to mark interface b/w saline
& fresh water.
Reaming
Increase in the diameter of bore hole is called
reaming

It can be done in the following way;

6 8 12 18 (if rotary drilling)
Chemical testing from T.D.S serves for;
Aquifer favorable or not.
Idea about depth of filter.
Installation of material
Before installation prepare lowering chart
Describes arrangement of well.
Segment Depth (ft) Thickness Material
(ft)
I 140-148 8 filter
148-200 52 M.S Pipe
II 200-216 16 filter
216-225 9 Sand plug

Wash the reamed borehole thoroughly with

fresh drilling fluid (Bentonite Solution)
prevents heavy sedimentation at the bottom
and easy lowering assembly.
Installation of material
Welding of segments.
lowering in the well with the help of drilling
rig.
Gravel packing Backwash method.
Grouting near surface to overcome gap
produced in gravel packing due to settlement
of gravel.
Strata chart & design of Exploratory TubeWell Assembly near pumphouse
Designing the tube well
While designing well using trial bore analysis
we also perform trimming.

Trimming:
simply trimming of the inner diameter of the well
is done to avoid any draw down also for the
proper installation of filter.
Designing
Casing
Lines shaft walls to prevent collapse or
contamination (impermeable)
Intake
The lower portion of casing and/or shaft bottom
allows water to enter
Wellhead
Provides base for pump and prevents
contamination
 Final development
It means to run well continuously;
To observe the settlement of gravel
To get crystal clear water
Measure draw down (D.D)
Here design of well is checked and confirmed
Best design is the one in which Filter should be in
water table.