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High-Value
Concrete
High-Value Concrete
High value generally associated
with High-Performance
What is High-Performance?
High-Early Strength Concrete
High-Strength Concrete
High-Durability Concrete
Self-Consolidating Concrete
Reactive Powder Concrete
High-Value
Concrete
Characteristics of
High-Performance
Concretes
High early strength
High strength
High modulus of elasticity
High abrasion resistance
High durability and long life in
severe environments
Low permeability and diffusion
High-Value Resistance to chemical attack
Concrete
Characteristics of
High-Performance
Concretes
High resistance to frost and
High-Value
Concrete
Selected Properties of
High- Performance
Concrete
Property Test Method Criteria that may be specified
High Strength ASTM C 39 70-140 MPa @ 28 to 91 days
H-E Comp. Strength ASTM C 39 20-30 MPa @ 3-12 hrs or 1-3 days
H-E Flex. Strength ASTM C 78 2-4 MPa @ 3-12 hrs or 1-3 days
Abrasion Resistance ASTM C 944 0-1 mm depth of wear
Low Permeability ASTM C 1202 500 to 2000 coulombs
AASHTO T
Chloride Penetration Less than 0.07% Cl at 6 months
259/260
Low Absorption ASTM C 642 2% to 5%
High Mod.of Elast. ASTM C 469 More than 40 GPa
High-Value
Concrete
High-Early-Strength
Concrete
High-early compressive strength
ASTM C 39 (AASHTO T 22)
20 to 28 MPa (3000 to 4000 psi)
at 3 to 12 hours or 1 to 3 days
High-Value
Concrete
High-Strength
Concrete
90% of ready-mix concrete
20 MPa - 40 MPa (3000
6000 psi) @ 28-d
(most 30 MPa 35 MPa)
High-strength concrete
by definition
28 day compr. strength
70 MPa (10,000 psi)
High-Value
Concrete
High-Strength Concrete
Materials
Aggregates
9.5 - 12.5 mm (3/8 - 1/2 in.) nominal
maximum size gives optimum
strength
Combining single sizes for required
grading allows for closer control and
reduced variability in concrete
For 70 MPa and greater, the FM of
the sand should be 2.8 3.2. (lower
may give lower strengths and sticky
High-Value mixes)
Concrete
High-Strength Concrete
Materials
Supplementary Cementing Materials
High-Value
Concrete
High-Strength Concrete
Materials
Admixtures
Use of water reducers, retarders,
HRWRs, or superplasticizers
mandatory in high-strength concrete
Air-entraining admixtures not necessary
or desirable in protected high-strength
concrete.
Air is mandatory, where durability in a
freeze-thaw environment is required (i.e..
bridges, piers, parking structures)
Recent studies:
w/cm 0.30air required
High-Value w/cm < 0.25no air needed
Concrete
High-Strength Concrete
Placing, Consolidation, and Curing
Delays in delivery and placing
must be eliminated
Consolidation very important to achieve
strength
Slump generally 180 to 220 mm (7 to 9
in.)
Little if any bleedingfog or
evaporation retarders have to be
applied immediately after strike off to
minimize plastic shrinkage and crusting
High-Value 7 days moist curing
Concrete
High-Durability
Concrete
1970s and 1980s focus on
High-Strength HPC
High-Value
Concrete
High-Durability Concrete
Durability Issues That HPC Can Address
Abrasion Resistance
Blast Resistance
Permeability
Carbonation
Freeze-Thaw Resistance
Chemical Attack
Alkali-Silica Reactivity
Corrosion rates of rebar
High-Value
Concrete
High-Durability
Concrete
Confederation Bridge, Northumberland Strait,
Prince Edward Island/New Brunswick, 1997
High-Value
Concrete
SCC for Power Plant in
PennsylvaniaMix
Proportions
Portland cement (Type I) 297 kg/m (500 lb/yd )
3 3
High-Value
Concrete
uctal
Raw Material
Components
Cement
Sand
Silica quartz
Silica fume
Micro-Fibres - metallic or poly-vinyl acetate
Mineral fillers - Nano-fibres
Superplasticizer
Water
High-Value
Concrete
uctal
What is the typical Ductal mix ?
Cement
710 kg/m3 Silica fume
230 kg/m3
Crushed
210 kg/m3 Quartz
Sand
1020 kg/m 3
Fibres
Superplasticizer
40 - 160 kg/m 3
High-Value
No aggregates !
Concrete
uctal
What is the typical Ductal mix ?
Cement
28 - 30% Silica fume
9 10%
Crushed
8.5 9% Quartz
Sand
42 43%
Fibres
Superplasticizer
1.7 6.5%
0.6% Total water
5.5 6%
High-Value
w/c = 0.20 No aggregates !
Concrete