LUBRICATION SYSTEM

1
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM

Six Functions of Motor Oil

Reduce friction
Reduce wear
Seal power
Absorb shock
Clean
Cool
2
 Lubrication System Types

Splash
Pressure Fed or Force
Feed
Combination Pressure
Fed and Splash
Gasoline Oil Premix

3
 Lubricating System Parts
Oil pan
Oil pump
Pick-up screen
Pressure regulator
Oil filter
By-pass valve
Oil galleries
Dipstick
Pressure indicator
4
 Oil Pan

Storage reservoir for

motor oil.
Holds 3 to 6 quarts with 4
as most average.
Plug on bottom to drain.
Pick-up screen sucks oil
up from oil pump.

5
 Oil Pumps
Gear types
Gerotor type
All oil pumps use a pick-up screen in the pan and a pressure regulator.

6
 Oil Filters

Micro-porous paper
filters used to screen out
particles.
Most filters of the
cartridge type.

7
 Oil Filter Systems
Remove harmful materials

8
 Bypass Systems
Part of oil to filter > pan
Part to bearings

9
 Shunt Filter Systems
Some oil through filter > bearings
Some directly to bearings

10
 Full Flow Filter Systems
All oil goes through
filter

11
Oil Level and Pressure Indicators

Dipstick the most

simple
Some engines
equipped with an
electrical level
indicator.
Oil pressure
indicator lamp
Oil pressure gauge
(electrical or
mechanical)
12
 Motor Oil Characteristics
Oil Viscosity
Ease which oil flows
S.A.E Rating (Society of Automotive Engineers)

Service Rating

Oil Quality
A.P.I. (American Petroleum Institute)

Other Fluids & Lubricants

13
Oil Viscosity Chart

14
 A.P.I. Ratings
SA Straight mineral oil no additives.
SB 1930s motor oil with some detergent.
SC 1950s oil more additives.
SD 1960s enter multi-viscosity oils.
SE 1970s emission controls make heat is problem.
SF 1980s improves fuel economy.
SG Late 1980s wider viscosity ranges.
SH 1990s great stuff.
SJ Late 1990s
SL NOW
15
 Selecting Motor Oil

Pick proper viscosity as

recommended by
manufacturer.
Pick proper service rating
as recommended by the
manufacturer.

16
Automatic Transmission Fluid
(ATF)
Has red color to identify it
from motor oil.
Several kinds:
Dexron/Mercon
Type FA

17
 Gear Lube

Used in manual
transmissions and
differentials on rear drive
cars.
Heavy viscosity 90W.
Looks like motor oil but
smells real bad!

18
Chassis Grease

Conventional type of
petroleum grease.
Grease steering and
suspension parts.

19
 Other Types of Grease

Lithium grease or white

lube.
Used on mis. parts.

20
Other Lubricants

WD-40 is a light oil with

graphite.
Liquid wrench is a
penetrating oil for dry
and rusted bolts.

21
 Non Petroleum Lubricants

Silicone spray is for

rubber and plastic parts.
Doesnt work well on
metal.
Brake cleaner is like dry
cleaning fluid. Cleans off
grease and evaporates in
seconds.

22
Other Useful Fluids

Carburetor choke and

throttle body cleaner.
Contains toluene.
Starting fluid. Contains
ether.

23
 Oil Changes

Oil Change
frequency:
Under ideal
conditions every
7,500 miles or 6
months.
Under severe
conditions every
3,000 miles or 3
months.
24
Oil Contamination
Blow-by gases add raw
gasoline and water to the oil
causing deterioration.
Excessive heat can cause
thermal breakdown.
Excessive cranking can dilute
oil with gasoline.
Cooling gasket leaks will ruin
oil causing sludge.

25
 Things That Make Oil Deteriorate
Faster
Short distance driving.
(which is most trips)
Extensive idling.
Cold weather operation.
Trailer towing.
Dirty and dusty
conditions.

26
 Proper Oil Disposal

Waste motor oil is a

controlled waste.
Be sure to properly
dispose of.
Oil filters too!

27
 Changing Oil
Find the drain
plug and
remove it.
Catch the
waste oil and
dispose of it
properly.
Dont forget to
reinstall the
plug.

28
Drain Plugs

Be careful never to strip

out drain plugs.
Extremely bad form.

29
Changing the Filter

Remove the filter with

an oil filter wrench.
Dispose of the filter
properly.
Install the new filter
hand tight.

30
 Filter Problems

Always match the old to the new oil filter. The gasket and
thread must be the same. If you make a mistake you can
pump 5 quarts of oil on the floor in seconds!
31
 Chassis Lubrication & Fluid Checks
If the the vehicle is
equipped with zerk
fittings, grease those
parts using the power
grease gun.
Find and clean the
fittings first, then inject
the grease. One kick
from the gun is plenty.
Under the car make the
following checks:
Gear lube in the differential
on rear drive cars.
Check tire air pressure. Be
sure to find the proper
inflation pressure.
Check manual transmission
fluid if the car is a stick shift.
32
Refilling Motor Oil

Find crankcase
capacity in one of the
following references:
Owners manual?
Service manual.
Repair manual.
Computerized
specification system.

33
 Under Hood Checks

Motor oil level Good technicians also do

these things:
Power steering fluid
Check belt and hose
Coolant level condition.
Brake fluid Inspect the battery terminals.
Automatic transmission Lubricate hood and door
fluid. (The engine must hinges.
be running) Look for anything unusual
under the hood.

34
 Changing Transmission Fluid
Remove transmission oil pan.
This is tricky so be careful
you dont get an oil bath.
Catch oil in motor oil drain
pan with the tranny fluid
basin. Dispose of properly.
Change the filter, clean the
pan, and reinstall the pan
with a new gasket.

35
Replacing Filter and Pan Gasket

Buy a filter kit which

gives you a new filter and
gasket.

Treat used tranny filters

as you would an oil filter. 36