09 Fo - Nast3021 - E01 - 1 Fdd-Lte Random Access 65p

Random Access Special
Topic
Objects
After the course,you will:
Know the details of channel and channel mapping
Understand UE power on procedure
Master UE random access procedure
Master UE initial attach procedure
Contents
LTE channel introduction and channel
mapping
UE power on procedure
UE random access procedure
Random access special scenarios application
UE attach signalling flow
LTE physical channel introduction
LTE downlink physical channel
Broadcast channel PBCH
Control channel PCFICH PHICH PDCCH
Service channel PDSCH
MBMS channel PMCH
LTE uplink physical channel
Control channel PUCCH
Service channel PUSCH
Random access channel PRACH
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Downlink physical channel
PBCH ( Physical Broadcast Channel )
BCCH includes MIB and SIB MIB is mapping on PBCH,SIB is mapping on
PDSCH.
PBCH is in the first 4 OFDM symbols of subframe 0 1 time slot on time
domain, and 6 central RBs on frequecydomain,modulation is QPSK.
MIB includes downlink system bandwidth, system frame number (SFN),
PHICH duration.

Control Channel PCFICH
PCFICH : Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
PCFICH are transmitted in each sub-frame, informing UE of the OFDM
symbols that PDCCH occupies in a sub-frame. The OFDM symbols are
indicated by CFI which can be valued as 1, 2, 3, 4 (4 is reserved).
Modulation is QPSK
PCFICH is mapped to the four resource-element groups in the first OFDM
symbol in a downlink subframe.

Control channel: PHICH
PHICH: Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel
Send NAK/ACK responding information for the PHICH modulation is
BPSK.
Multiple PHICH can be sent in a group at the same time.

1 PHICH group=8 PHICHs (normal cp)

1 PHICH group=4 PHICHs (extend cp)
ACK/NACK Repetition Layer OFDM

Modulation Precoding RE mapping
(RF=3) Mapping modulation
Spreading &
scrambling

Control channel: PDCCH
PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel
PDCCH sends scheduling information, transmission format, resource
allocation, uplink scheduling permission, power control and uplink-
transmission-related ACK/NACK.
PDCCH is mapped to the first n (n<=4) OFDM symbols in each sub-frame.
The value of n is indicated by CFI in the PCFICH channel.
PDCCH supports 4 types of physical-layer formats which occupy one, two,
four, and eight CCEs respectively.

Service Channel: PDSCH
PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel
PDSCH Bears service data, L3 signalling message, paging and SIB
information.
Modulation: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM.

MBMS Channel: PMCH
Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)
If MBMS is support, MBMS sends cell MBMS broadcast information.
Modulation:QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Downlink channel mapping
BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH MCCH MTCH
Logical channel
Transmission channel
BCH PCH DL-SCH MCH
Physical channel
PBCH PDSCH PDCCH PMCH

Uplink physical channel
Control Channel PUCCH
PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel
PUCCH periodically feed back different CQI, PMI, RI, HARQ-ACK SR.
For the same UE, PUCCH does not transmit with PUSCH.
PUCCH format:
PUCCH format Content Modylation Size

1 SR N/A N/A
1a ACK/NACK BPSK 1
1b ACK/NACK QPSK 2
2 CQI QPSK 20
2a CQI+ACK/NACK QPSK+BPSK 21
2b CQI+ACK/NACK QPSK+BPSK 22

Service Channel: PUSCH
PUSCH : Physical Uplink Shared Channel
PUSCH Bears service data, L3 signalling message
Modulation: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM.
Localized resource allocation for PUSCH, consecutive RBs are allocated to
users PUSCH.

PRACH: Physical Random Access Channel
During the random access procedure, UE send preamble on PRACH.
PRACH occupies 6 RBs on frequency domain.
PRACH time domain structure

Preamble: CP + Sequence

There is a guarding interval behind Preamble.

PRACH
Preamble generated by the Zadoff-Chu sequence in zero-related region.
un ( n 1)
j
xu n e N ZC
, 0 n N ZC 1
5 different preamble format:

PRACH time damain format

PRACH
Format0~3 frequency domain location

Subcarrier interval is 1.25KHz, 1/12 of normal subcarrier bandwidth.

1 PRACH include 864 subcarrier (61212=864).

The length of preamble sequences is 839, mapped on the central 839
subcarrirs.

PRACH
Format4 frequency domain location

Subcarrier interval 7.5KHz , half of normal subcarrier bandwidth.

1 PRACH include 144 subcarrier (6122=144) .

The length of preamble sequences is 139, mapped on the central 139
subcarrirs.

Uplink channel mapping
CCCH DCCH DTCH

Logical channel
Transmission channel
RACH UL-SCH
Physical channel
PRACH PUCCH PUSCH

Physical layer signals
Downlink Physical Signal
Reference Signal

Cell-Specific Reference Signal (CRS)

MBSFN Reference Signal

UE-Specific RS/Dedicate RS(DRS)
Synchronization Signal

PSS : Primary Synchronization signal

SSS : Secondary Synchronization signal
Uplink Physical Signal

Demodulation RS(DMRS)
Sounding RS(SRS)

Downlink physical layer signals
Function of downlink reference signal
Downlink channel quality measurement
Downlink channel estimate, for UE to demodulate data
Downlink synchronization
Function of cell-specific reference signal
Cell-specific reference signals shall be transmitted in all downlink
subframes in a cell supporting PDSCH transmission.
Cell-specific reference signals are transmitted on one or several of
antenna ports 0 to 3.
Cell-specific reference signals are defined for subcarrier interval is 15kHz
only.

Downlink physical layer signal
Cell-Specific Reference Signal
The RS location has the relation with PCI, antenna port number, OFDM
symbol sequence, slot number, CP mode,etc.
Normal CP Cell ID=0 Extend CP Cell ID=0

Downlink physical layer signal
MBSFN Reference Signal
Transmitted only when the PMCH is transmitted.
MBSFN reference signals are transmitted on
antenna port 4.
Defined for extended cyclic prefix only.
Extended CP
Extended CP f=15kHz f=7.5kHz
Downlink physical layer signals
UE-Specific Reference Signal
Send to a dedicated user, the eNodeB will indicate sending this signal or
not, and indicate UE to demodulate use the signal or not.
Only transmitted on the RBs bearing PDSCH, using the antenna port 5.
Normal CP 15kHz Extend CP 15kHz

Downlink synchronization signals
LTE Synchronization Signal
PSS : Primary Synchronization Signal
SSS : Secondary Synchronization Signal
Function of Synchronization Signal
Get Physical Cell ID

Dectect SSS to get PCI group number(0-167)

Dectect PSS to get ID in group(0-2)

PCI=3*group number+ID in group
Downlink synchronization

PSS: 5ms synchronization

SSS: 10ms synchronization
Identify it is a FDD or TDD system and CP mode.

SCH includes P_SCH and S_SCH. The frequency-domain is
located in the 72 subcarriers near direct current. Only 62
subcarriers are actually occupied. Other 10 subcarriers do not
hold synchronization sequences.
There are two same P-SCHs in a wireless frame. Their time-
domain is located in the last symbol of the slot no.0 and the
last symbol of the slot no.x 510.
x 2 1
There are also two S-SCHs in a wireless frame. But their
synchronization symbols are different. The time-domain is
located in the last symbol but one of the slot no.0, and the
last symbol but one of the slot no. 10.

FS1, Normal CP
FS2, Extend CP

Uplink physical layer signal
DMRS( for PUSCH)
Generated by Zad-off Chu
seqence,maping on RE without any
proceess.
Transmitted on 4th OFDM symbol of
each slot, the bandwidth of DMRS is
Normal CP
same with PRB for PUSCH.
Differerent users DMRS sequence
will have different cyclic shift.

Uplink physical layer signal
Sounding RS: SRS
Used for uplink channel quality estimate and selection, uplink scheduling.
Location: last SC-FDMA symbol of uplink subframe which configured to
send SRS, for UpPTS all the symbols can be used to transmit SRS.
SRS sub-frame configuration: UE read the broadcast information to get
which subframe will send SRS.
Duration: eNodeB will notice UE to send SRS once or all the time.
Period: eNodeB will notice SRS transmiting period, it can support 2 5
10 20 40 80 160ms

FDD Downlink Channel Location

FDD Downlink Channel Location

TDD Downlink Channel Location

Contents
LTE channel introduction and channel mapping
LTE Physical Layer Procedure: Synchronization
Downlink initial synchronization: Downlink synchronization holding:
UE searches cell, detects the After cell search, UE measures
PSS and SSS to get the the downlink signal arrival time
downlink initial periodically, adjusts the
synchronization. downlink initial synchronization.
Uplink initial synchronization: Uplink synchronization holding:

UE sends preamble on PRACH eNodeB detects the uplink
eNodeB detects preamble, reference signal, generates the
sends timing adjustment to UE. time adjustment send to UE.
UE adjusts the sending time UE receives TA information and
according to the timing adjusts the uplink sending time
adjustment. to hold uplink synchronization.

UE Power on Procedure

PLMN selection and cell selection
P-SCH S-SCH and PBCH has the same width and position for all system
bandwidth options. So UE can do the cell search without kowning the
system bandwith.

PLMN selection and cell selection
Manual Mode Automatic mode
PLMN Selection
Indication to user
PLMN PLMNs
Location selected available
Registration
response
NAS Control
Cell Se lection
and Reselection
Radio measurements
Registration
Area
changes
Service requests
Location
Registration

PLMN selection
UE scan the whole channel in the band according to its frequecy capability
to find a available PLMN. UE will search the cell with the strongest signal,
and then read the cell broadcast information to get the PLMN. If UE read
one or more than PLMN in one cell, UE will report all the PLMN as the high
quality PLMN whose signal strength satisfy a dedicated threshold to the
NAS layer. If UE can read PLMN ID, but the signal strength doesnt satisfy
a dedicated threshold, UE also will report PLMN to NAS layer with the
measurment value.
PLMN selection result is given by NAS layer.
After selecting PLMN, UE will select serving cell.

Cell search purpose
Detect the Physical Cell-ID
Get the downlink time and frequency synchronization
Detect CP format normal or extended format
Detect eNodeB antenna port number
Read PBCH (Master Information Block)

Get system bandwidth, system frame number (SFN), PHICH duration

Cell search type: Initial and Stored Information Cell Selection
Initial Cell Selection: According to its capability, UE scan the whole
channel in the band and find the best serving cell on each carrier, if UE
find, it wil select the cell as the serving cell.
Stored Information Cell Selection: UE select the cell according to the pre-
stored cell frequency information.If UE finds a proper cell, it will select this
one as the serving cell, or UE will initiate Initial Cell Selection.

Cell search

UE read the broadcast information

Contents
UE Random Access Procedure
Random access characteristic
Exists in both TD-LTE and FDD-LTE.
No relation with the scale of cell.
Divided into competitive and non- competitive random access.
purpose of random access
During attach procedure
UE status changed from idle to connected.
During handover procedure
Get/ recover uplink synchronization
Request UE ID from eNodeB
Request uplink resoure from eNodeB

Random access process can be used in the following
situations:
Access at RRC_IDLE status
Access when the wireless link fault occurs
Access in changeover
Access at RRC_Connected status

When there are downlink data (eg. The uplink is at non-synchronization status.)

When there are uplink data (eg. The uplink is at non-synchronization status or
no PUCCH resource can be used for scheduling request.)

Random access categories:
Random access based on competitiveness

Used in the five mentioned situations

UE selects a preamble sequence randomly in the available preamble set in a
competitive way.

Possible collision: two UEs use the same preamble sequence.

Perform the synchronization process through four steps. The fourth step is used
to solve the collision.
Random access based on non-competitiveness

In handover or when the downlink data arrives

The eNB allocates a preamble sequence.

Perform the synchronization through three steps without solving the collision.

Preamble categories:
Preamble ID number depend on configuration,maxmum 64 0~63
Preamble A: 0~59
Preamble B: 4~59
Dedicated Preamble(remaining ID)
PRACH frequency domain location

0 n PRBoffset
RA
N RB
UL
6

First RB Number is congiured by L3 on OMC.

Random Access Based on Competitiveness

MSG1 send preamble sequence on PRACH
According to root sequence number, cyclic shift and preamble formats ,
UE generates the preamble sequence.
Select preamble in group A/B randomly according to the MSG3 size and
pathloss information, then send the preamble on PRACH.
According to the target PRACH received power, preamble formats in BCCH
and transmitting counter, UE caculates the PRACH initial emission power.
eNB according to the received preamble measurement, estimates the
distance between UE and eNB,generates the timing ajdustment.

MSG2 Random Access Response
eNB Send RAR on the PDSCH, the location is indicated by PDCCH and No
HARQ.
MSG2 content:

Preamble indication

Timing adjustment information

Temporary C-RNTI

Msg3 resource allocation information
UE detects RA response in a time window after sending MSG1. If UE fails
to receive the RA respondence in a time window, this RA process is
terminated, otherwise it goes to step3.

MSG3
According to MSG2 TPC indication, estimate pathloss and RB number
forPUSCH, UE cacaulates the MSG3 transmitting power. Its open loop
power control.
According to random access response, UE send MSG3 on dedicated
resource. MSG3 needs HARQ.
MSG3 content:

In attach send RRC Connection Request on CCCH, include NAS UE ID and
establishment cause, but no NAS signalling message.

In RRC Connection Re-establishment: Send RRCConnection
ReestablishmentRequest on CCCH no NAS message

In handover send Handover Confirm on DCCH with UE C-RNTI.

Other (uplink or downlink arrives):send UE C-RNTI.

MSG4 contention resolution
Collision detect: eNB sends contention resolution ID ( UE NAS ID ) on
PDSCH or send C-RNTI on PDCCH to UE.
With HARQ
MSG4 content:

UE NAS ID

Resource allocation information
UE

If UE finds its own NAS-layer ID is sending, UE sends ACK and temporary C-RNTI
becomes C-RNTI.Uplink synchronization finish.UE waits for being schedulled
and send data on uplink.

If UE fails to detect NAS ID, there is a collision, UE waits a random time and do
random access again.

Random Access Based on Non-Competitiveness

Random Access Based on Non-
Competitiveness
1) eNB send non-contention
Random Access Preamble to UE,and
this preamble is not broadcasted in
the Broadcast information channel.

Random Access Based on Non-Competitiveness
2)UE send dedicated preamble on RACH.
3) eNB generates the RAR on MAC layer, and send the RAR in DL-
SCH,random access success.

Contents
Competitiveness: Scenario 4
eNB MSG0
Send Msg0 on PDCCH Msg0: Dedicated
UE Preamble ID eNB
Include Dedicated Preamble and Mask Index 0
Mask Index
With HARQ 1 Msg1:
preamble
Initiated reason
Min delay

UE is out of synchronization on
2ms
uplink, Msg2: RA response on
PDSCH 2

Downlink data coming
No need to allocateC-Rnti in Msg2 Delay about Timer
5ms
UE Msg3: connection
3 requirement, ect
UE is Out of synchronization and
monitoring to receive PDCCH order;
Send Msg1 with dedicated preamble
Msg3 is not useful if there is
data ,sending data , or
sendingPadding

Competitiveness: Scenario 4 UE leave
eNB send MSG0 on PDCCH
UE eNB
Msg0 is send on PDCCH
Out of Sync
Include Dedicated Preamble and
Timer
Mask Index
Msg0: Dedicated
With HARQ Preamble ID 0
Mask Index
Initiated reason 1

UE is out of synchronization on Msg1: preamble
uplink, Min delay
2ms

Start timer and timer is time out. Msg2: RA response on
PDSCH 2
purpose suspecting UE leaving,
Timer
so release connection to avoid UE Delay about
process hanging 5ms Msg3: connection
3 requirement, ect
No need to allocateC-Rnti in Msg2
UE
UE hardware problem or power off,
not camping in the network.

Competitiveness : Scenario
UE
3
S-eNB T-eNB
eNB send MSG0 on PDCCH
Measure
Msg0 is send on PDCCH Report
Include Dedicated Preamble and Dedicated
Preamble
Mask Index Mask Index
Msg0: Dedicated
With HARQ Preamble ID Mask 0
Index
Initiated reason 1

Source eNB apply dedicated Msg1: preamble
preamble from target eNB and Min delay
2ms
then send preamble to UE. Msg2: RA response on PDSCH
2
UE
Monitor to receive PDCCH order. Delay about
5ms
Send Msg1 with dedicated Msg3: connection requirement, ect
preamble 3

Random Access Based on Competitiveness:
Scenario 5
eNB No need MSG4
Send Temporary C-Rnti in RAR. UE eNB
MAC identifying Msg3 is for UE re-
1 Msg1: preamble
synchronization
MAC notice L3 that UE re- min delay
2ms
synchronization success. Msg2: RA response on
PDSCH 2
L3 send RRC Connection
Reconfiguration to re-setup Delay about
connection. 5ms
Msg3: connection requirement, ect
3
UE
Uplink data coming but uplink is at
non synchronization.
Send RA request
Include C-Rnti in Msg3,and
scrambling MSG3 by Temporary C-
Rnti.

Contents
UE attach
Attach flow

UE attach
NAS connection setup
Rrcconection setup
S1connection setup

UE attach
Attach/dettach signalling flow

09 Fo - Nast3021 - E01 - 1 Fdd-Lte Random Access 65p

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Random Access Special

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ACK/NACK Repetition Layer OFDM

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BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH MCCH MTCH

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PUCCH format Content Modylation Size

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CCCH DCCH DTCH

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Uplink Physical Signal

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Normal CP Cell ID=0 Extend CP Cell ID=0

Normal CP 15kHz Extend CP 15kHz

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Uplink initial synchronization: Uplink synchronization holding:

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Manual Mode Automatic mode

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PRACH frequency domain location

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