Essential

Component
s
of a
Computer
Computers typically perform their
work in 3 well-defined steps

1.Accepting data
2.Processing the input
according to predefined
rules(programs)
3.Producing output
 CENTRAL
INPUT DEVICE PROCESSING OUTPUT DEVICE
UNIT

MEMORY DEVICE
The input device(s) allows you to put
in data into the computer. The
Central Processing Unit processes
data. While not all data can be
processed at the same time, the
memory device temporarily holds
some of the data.
After processing the data, the
memory device again serves a
repository for this data until such
time that everything will be shown
via the output device. Transfer of
data through all these devices is
done through the buses.
 Components of a computer
system

1.Hardware
2.Software
3.Peopleware
 HARDWARE
Is all the physically seen and
can be touched parts of the
computer
the physical, touchable,
electronic and mechanical
parts of a computer system.
There are also hardware that are
not easily seen by users. It is in
embedded systems. It is the
chips used in automobiles,
aeronautics, microwave ovens,
rice cookers, CD/DVD Players,
digital cameras, wearable
computers and other electronic
devices that need a small
program to run.
EMBEDDED - place something or
be placed solidly: to fix something
or become fixed in a surrounding
mass.
 SOFTWARE
Are programs that enable the
computer to do certain tasks. It
is the intangible part of the
computer.
programs and applications that
can be run on a computer
Software also includes
firmware which is a special
type of program placed onto a
chip to do a very specific
function. Software executed
within the hardware.
is the set of instructions (also
called a program) that guides
the hardware to operate
effectively.
Firmware computer programs
contained permanently in a
hardware device
 Different general types of
software

1.System Software
2.Programming Software
3.Application Software
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE

It makes the entire computer

system run.
Is any software required to
support the production or
execution of application programs,
but which is not specific to any
particular application.
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE

have direct control and access to

your computer hardware , and
memory locations . They perform
I/O operations on various memory
locations , and control the hardware ,
to make the application software do
a task .
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Are generally prepared by
manufacturers
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Operating systems , are the main examples for
system software .
Examples :
1) Microsoft Windows
2) Linux
3) Unix
4) Mac OSX
5) DOS
6) BIOS Software
7) HD Sector Boot Software
8) Device Driver Software i.e Graphics Driver etc
9) Linker Software
10) Assembler and Compiler Software
 PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE

Programmers use this software for

making computer programs.
It is a tool to make software using
different programming languages.
 PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE(S) -

a unique vocabulary and set of

rules for writing computer
program(s)
 PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE

Most of the tools of programming

languages include text editors,
compilers, interpreters, linkers,
debuggers and the like.
1. TEXT EDITOR - a computer
program that permits the creation
and editing of stored

2. COMPILER - a computer
program that converts another
program from a high-level
language into an intermediate
language machine.
3. INTERPRETERS - a computer
program that translates instructions
in a program written in a high-level
computer language into machine
language and executes

4. DEBUGGERS - a computer utility

program that helps find software
errors by allowing the user to
access the source code
 APPLICATION SOFTWARE

runs under System Software , and

are made to do a specific task
Examples :
Web browser, word processing software, spreadsheet
software, database software, presentation graphics
software.

1) Opera (Web Browser)

2) Microsoft Word (Word Processing)
3) Microsoft Excel (Spreadsheet software)
5) MySQL (Database Software)
6) Microsoft Powerpoint (Presentation Software)
7) iTunes (Music / Sound Software)
8) VLC Media Player (Audio / Video Software )
9) World of Warcraft (Game Software)
10) Adobe Photoshop (Graphics Software)
People also see software performing
at three different layers.

1.Platform Software
2.Application Software
3.User-written Software
 USERS

USER WRITTEN
SOFTWARE

APPLICATION
SOFTWARE

PLATFORM
SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
 PLATFORM SOFTWARE

It makes the entire computer

system run.
Is any software required to
support the production or
execution of application programs,
but which is not specific to any
particular application.
 APPLICATION SOFTWARE

It makes the entire computer

system run.
Is any software required to
support the production or
execution of application programs,
but which is not specific to any
particular application.
 USER-WRITTEN SOFTWARE

It makes the entire computer

system run.
Is any software required to
support the production or
execution of application programs,
but which is not specific to any
particular application.
Kinds of Software by Operation

1.Executable Program
2.Source Code or Script
3.Configuration
 EXECUTABLE PROGRAM

Is a file whose contents can be

interpreted immediately by a
computer.

BINARY is also a term used

interchangeably for executable
files or programs.
 EXECUTABLE PROGRAM
In computers, to execute a program is
to run the program in the computer, and,
by implication, to start it to run. In usage,
people run programs and systems
execute them. That is, a system user asks
the system to run the program (or sets it
up so that this happens automatically at a
certain time) and, as a result, the system
executes the program. Typically, we don't
say that a program is executing; we say
that it is running.
 EXECUTABLE PROGRAM

A computer processor executes

an instruction , meaning that it
performs the operations called for
by that instruction.
 SOURCE CODE OR SCRIPT

Also called source, code or script

Used to called a sequence of
statements and/or declarations
presented in human-readable
format
Usually like text files
 SOURCE CODE OR SCRIPT

These codes will be converted to

machine readable format by
compilers to be executed by the
computer as a whole.
 CONFIGURATION

Is an arrangement of functional
units
It pertains to the choice of
hardware, software, firmware and
documentation (set-up)
 CONFIGURATION

The way a system is set up, or the

assortment of components that
make up the system. Configuration
can refer to either hardware or
software, or the combination of both.
 CONFIGURATION
For instance, a typical configuration
for a PC consists of 32MB
(megabytes) main memory, a floppy
drive, a hard disk, a modem, a CD-
ROM drive, a VGA monitor, and
the Windows operating system.
 CONFIGURATION

Many software products require

that the computer have a certain
minimum configuration. For
example, the software might
require a graphics display monitor
and a video adapter, a particular
microprocessor, and a minimum
amount of main memory.
CONFIGURATION SOFTWARE
When you install a
new device or program, you sometimes
need to configure it, which means to set
various switches and jumpers (for
hardware) and to define values
of parameters (for software). For
example, the device or program may
need to know what type of video adapter
you have and what type of printer is
connected to the computer. But now
there is what they so called plug-and-
play, much of this configuration is
performed automatically.
 PEOPLEWARE

It is one of the computer

elements that is composed of
people who operate and use the
computer.