PROCESS DESIGN

Process Design
To DESIGN is to conceive the
Looks
Arrangement
Workings
Before it is Created.
The Impact of Strategic Performance Objectives on Process Design Objectives and
Performance
Process Flow Performance

Throughput rate - (or flow rate) It is the rate at which units emerge
from the process, i.e. the number of units passing through the
process per unit of time.
Throughput time - It is the average elapsed time taken for inputs to
move through the process and become outputs.
The number of units in the process (also called the work in process
or in-process inventory), as an average over a period of time.
The utilization of process resources is the proportion of available time
that the resources within the process are performing useful work.
Environmentally Sensitive Design

The source of inputs to a product or service

Quantities and sources of energy consumed in the process
The amount and type of waste material that are created in the
manufacturing processes
The life of the product itself
The end-of-life of the product
Process Types
Different process types imply different volume-variety characteristics for the
process.
Project Processes
Those which deal with discrete, usually highly customized products.
The timescale of making the product or service is relatively long
Jobbing Processes

Deals with very high variety and low volumes

It produce more and usually smaller items
than project processes
Batch Processes

It can often look like jobbing processes, but

batch does not have quite the degree of
variety associated with jobbing.
Each time batch processes a product they
produce more than one.
Mass Processes

Those which produce goods in high volume

and relatively narrow variety.
Narrow that is in terms of fundamentals of
the product design.
Continuous Processes

They are one step beyond mass processes in so

much as they operate at even high volume
and often have even low variety.
Continuous processes are often associated
with relatively inflexible, capital intensive
technologies with highly predictable flow.
Professional Services

They are defined as high contact organizations

where customers spend a considerable time in
the service process.
It is tend to be people-based rather than
equipment-based.
Emphasis placed on the process (how the
service is delivered) rather than the product
(what is delivered)
Service Shops

They are characterized by level of customer

contact, customization, volumes of customers
and staff discretion, which position them
between the extremes of professional and mass
services.
Mass Services

They have many customer transactions,

involving limited contact time and little
customization.
The Product-Process Matrix
The classic
representation
of how cost and
flexibility vary
with process
choice.
Process Mapping

It simply involves describing processes in terms of how the activities

within the process relate to each other.
Also known as Process Blueprinting, Process Analysis
It is used to identify different types of activities that take place
during the process and show the flow of
Materials
People
Information through the process
Process Mapping Symbols
Example
Example
THE NEW
CUSTOMISED
SANDWICH
PROCESS MAPPED
AT THREE LEVELS
Using Process Maps to Improve
Processes
Each activity can be systematically challenged in an attempt to
improve the process.
It helps in combining several activities and also eliminating others
which are not required.
Several Delays from the process can also be removed.
We get a much simplified process which reduces staff time needed
to do a specific job
Workflow

When information technology is used to MOVE, STORE and MANAGE

the information, Process Design is sometimes called Workflow or
Workflow Management.
Also defined as The automation of procedures where documents,
information or tasks are passed between participants according to
a defined set of rules to achieve, or contribute to, an overall
business goal.
Workflow is concerned with the
following
Analysis, Modelling, Definition and subsequent operational
implementation of business processes.
The technology that supports the processes.
The procedural (decision) rules that move information or documents
through processes.
Defining the process in terms of the sequence of work activities, the
human skills needed to perform each activity and the appropriate IT
resources.