Construction Contract Documents: Topic 6

Stage 1 Preconstruction Stage 2: Procurement
Conceptual Planning
Stage3: Construction
Design
Stage 4: Project Close-out
Construction Contract
Documents
Topic 6
Chapter 2
Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Contract Documents
Agreement
Conditions of the Contract
Drawings
Specifications
Addenda
Modifications

Bidding and Contract
Documents

Drawings (plans, blueprints)
Physical, quantitative, visual description
Organized by sequence of construction
General information and site work
Structural
Architectural
Plumbing
Heating, air-conditioning, and ventilation
(HVAC)
Electrical

Drawings (plans, blueprints)
Sections numbered separately

Sections begin with list of standard
symbols and abbreviations
Each drawing page shows scale and
approval signatures

Specifications
Includes the following
Title Page
Table of Contents
Addenda
Bidding Requirements
Invitation to Bid
Instructions to Bidders
Information Available to Bidders

Specifications
Includes the following (contd)

Sample forms
Agreement
Bid form
Bid bond
Performance and Payment Bonds
Other Sample Forms

Specifications
Includes the following (contd)

Conditions of the Contract
General Conditions
Supplementary Conditions
Schedule of Drawings
Technical Specifications (Divisions 1
through 16)

Who needs specifications?
Contractor/Estimator
Purchasing agent
Inspector
Owner
Subcontractors
Materials and equipment manufacturers

General Conditions (boilerplate)
document establishing the legal rights,
responsibilities, and relationships of the
parties to the contract. The parties are the
owner, owners representative, and the
contractor

Standard General Conditions
Documents
American Institute of Architects (AIA)
Associated General Contractors (AGC) and
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
U.S. government Federal Acquisition
Regulation (FAR)
Engineers Joint Contract Documents
Committee (National Society of Professional
Engineers (NSPE), American Consulting
Engineers Council (ACEC), ASCE,
Construction Specifications Institute (CSI))
Value of Standard General
Conditions
Familiar to all parties
Clearly understood
Legal interpretation is often known (court-
tested)

Supplementary (Special)
Conditions
Number of copies of contract documents
to be received by the contractor
Type of surveying information to be
provided by the owner
Material owner will provide
Specific information about material
substitutions
Changes in insurance requirements
Conditions
Requirements concerning the phasing of
construction
Examination of the site
Start date for construction
Requirements for project security
Requirements for temporary facilities
Specific procedures for submitting shop
drawings
Conditions
Cost-reporting requirements
Job schedule requirements
Special cleaning requirements
Traffic control requirements
Discovery of artifacts of cultural or
historical value

Technical Specifications (specs)
written document that covers the qualitative
items of a project as opposed to the
quantitative information provided in the
drawings. Technical specifications modify or
clarify what is shown in the drawings.

Problems Encountered in Specs
Conflicting information
(1) technical specs govern
(2) architect/engineer (A/E) makes determination
Omitted information in either drawings or
specs
Assumption of greater value intended

Format of Technical Specs
Technical specifications are organized
according to the general order of the work
to be performed, beginning with site work
and ending with finish work items.
Divisions are defined in such a way as to
segregate the work by craft jurisdiction.

CSI Masterformat Divisions
Division of bidding requirements, contract
forms, and conditions of the contract
Division 1: General Requirements
Division 2: Sitework
Division 3: Concrete
Division 4: Masonry
Division 5: Metals
Division 6: Wood and Plastics
Division 7: Thermal and Moisture Protection
CSI Masterformat Divisions (contd)
Division 8: Doors and Windows
Division 9: Finishes
Division 10: Specialties
Division 11: Equipment
Division 12: Furnishings
Division 13: Special Construction
Division 14: Conveying Systems
Division 15: Mechanical
Division 16: Electrical
General contractors sometimes provide the
subcontractors only with a copy of the
technical section that relates to the work
that they are contracting to perform. They
neglect to give them copies of the General
Conditions, Division 1, Supplementary
Conditions, etc. that may also contain
information that is relevant to the
subcontractors portion of the work.

To alert subcontractors to the possibility of
conditions and obligations not explained in
the technical section provided to them, a
statement such as the following is included
at the beginning of each technical section:
Provide work under this section as shown
or specified and in accordance with the
requirements of the Contract Documents.

Divisions are subdivided into sections
which include three (3) parts
Part 1 - General: ground rules and scope of
work
Part 2 - Products: descriptions of material,
equipment, fixtures, and the manufacturing
process utilized
Part 3 - Execution: detailed description of
workmanship, erection, installation, and
application procedures

Proper use of CSI
specifications (divisions,
sections/parts)

TYPES OF SPECIFICATIONS
Basic Categories
Performance: specifies the end result as
measured by some noted criteria
Prescriptive: specifies the materials and
workmanship

Question: If the technical specification
contains both prescriptive and performance
instructions, is the contractor required to
fulfill both portions of the specification?
Explain.

Other Forms of Specifications

Open Specification
Closed Specification
permits only a particular item or system
in principle, not legal for public work unless at
least three choices are specified
can be prescriptive or performance
also called base bid (1 choice) or bidders choice
(2 options)

Other Forms of Specifications (contd)
Proprietary Specification: closed spec with
no alternative
Or Equal Specifications
variation on the proprietary specification
should be avoided (Why?-judgement of what is
equal is difficult)
Or Approved Equal Specifications
problematic for bidding
approval is not easily given


All-Inclusive Specifications
many questions unanswered
phrases like, as directed by engineer, or, to
the approval of the architect
not good for bidding or fair administration of
contract


Reference Specifications - establishes
separate document as part of contract by
citation
Standard Specifications

SPECIFICATION
WRITING TIPS
Three Cs
Clear (organization and coordination)
Correct (consistency within and with
drawings)
Concise (brief and to the point; not
verbose)
Vocabulary (clearly defined terms,
especially abbreviations)
SPECIFICATION
WRITING TIPS
Begin at about 50% completion of drawings
Level of detail appropriate for complexity of
project
Research (especially for prescriptive
specifications)
Be careful of omissions and conflicts due to
cutting and pasting
4specs.com

SPECIFICATION
WRITING TIPS
CSI PARAGRAPH FORMAT
PART
1.1 ARTICLE TITLE
A. Paragraph
1. Subparagraph
a. Subparagraph
1) Subparagraph

Notice of Award
Notice to the successful bidder to
Example: geotechnical investigation,
topographic and bathymetric
surveys:Example of a Notice of Award

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Stage 1 Preconstruction Stage 2: Procurement

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Sections numbered separately

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Includes the following (contd)

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Includes the following (contd)

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Other Forms of Specifications

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Other Forms of Specifications (contd)

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Other Forms of Specifications (contd)

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

Stage 1:Preconstruction - Design Contract Documents

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