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Defense Mechanisms
Adaptive Immunity
Immunity that an organism develops during
lifetime
Develops after exposure to antigens
Invovles the activity of lymphocytes
Includes 3rd line of defense
Adaptive Immunity (Specific immunity)
Specificity
Memory
T and B cell
Types of Adaptive Immunity
T cells
TH cell
T cell with
antigen receptors
MHC Proteins
Figure 21.17a
Chapter 21, Immune System 15
Cytotoxic T Cell (Tc)
Killer T cell
binds to
infected cell
infected cell
destroyed
Cytotoxic T cell
Accessory
protein Antigen
Class I MHC receptor
molecule
Infected
cell
Antigen
1 fragment
Cytotoxic T cell
Accessory
protein Antigen
Class I MHC receptor Perforin
Gran-
molecule zymes
Pore
Infected
cell
Antigen
1 fragment 2
The killing action of
cytoxic T cells on
an infected host
cell.
Accessory
protein Antigen Dying
receptor Perforin infected cell
Class I MHC Gran-
molecule zymes
Pore
Infected
cell
Antigen
1 fragment 2 3
CMI
Figure 23.11 (1 of 2)
HIV & AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
virus infects and destroys helper T cells
helper T cells dont activate rest of immune system: killer T
cells & B cells
AIDS: Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome
infections by opportunistic
diseases
death usually from
opportunistic infections
pneumonia, cancers
HIV infected T cell
ANTIBODY-MEDIATED (HUMORAL) IMMUNITY
Class II
MHC
molecule Accessory
protein
Antigen
receptor
Helper T cell
1
Antigen-presenting Pathogen
cell Antigen B cell
fragment
Class II
MHC
molecule Accessory
protein Cytokines
Antigen
receptor
Activated
Helper T cell helper T cell
1 2
Antigen-presenting Pathogen
cell Antigen B cell
fragment
Activated
Helper T cell helper T cell Plasma cells
Secreted
1 2 3 antibodies
Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity = AMI
1- Macrophages phagocytize
a pathogen and present an
antigen to a matching helper-
T cell
2- At the same time, some
pathogens contact B-cells
matching the pathogens
antigens
The helper-T cells multiply,
secrete lymphokines which
stimulate the B-cells to
multiply and specialize into
plasma cells
The plasma cells secretes
antibodies
The Nature of Antibodies
antigen
Allergens. antigens
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