Faarfield Rigid Incl 3d Fem

FAARFIELD 1.
1 Federal Aviation
Administration
Rigid Pavements
Workshop: FAARFIELD
New FAA Design Software for
Airport Pavement Thickness
Presented to: Workshop on New FAA Design

Software, Lima, Per
By: David R. Brill, P.E., Ph.D., AJP-6312
Date: 15 November, 2007
FAARFIELD 1.1:
Rigid Pavement Design
Brief Background on 3D Finite Element
Example New Rigid Design
Rigid Overlay Design
Example HMA on Rigid Overlay Design
Example PCC on Rigid Overlay Design
FAARFIELD Output Files
More Information
Discussion
FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

February 12,
November 15, 2007 Administration
2
FAARFIELD 1.1 Federal Aviation
Administration
Rigid Pavements
Brief Background on 3D Finite
Element

Software, Lima, Per
What is 3D Finite Element?
3D Finite Element is:

A method of structural
analysis.
Applicable to a wide range of
physical structures, boundary
and loading conditions.
3D Finite Element is not: Types of 3D Elements:
A design method or Linear (8-Node) Brick Axial (1-D)
procedure.
An exact mathematical Quadratic (20 -Node)
Brick
Focal Point
solution.
Always preferable to other Nonconforming Infinite Element
(Incompatible Modes)
analysis models.

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4
Why 3D Finite Element?
For rigid pavements, we desire a method that gives
a direct edge stress solution for a layered structural
system.
Layered elastic analysis programs such as LEAF
always assume continuous, uniform layers with no
interruptions (e.g., no joints).
LEAF cannot model jointed rigid pavements accurately.
LEDFAA 1.3 compensates for this with the equivalent edge
stress approach, but this is theoretically unsatisfactory and is
not extendable to new aircraft types.
3D-FEM provides a practical solution.
Suitable for modeling complex landing gear configurations
explicitly.
Recent advances in computing power allow implementation in
routine design programs.

February 12,
5
Summary of Advantages and
Disadvantages of 3D-FEM
Advantages Disadvantages
Properly models rigid May require long computation
pavement features including times.
slab edges and joints. Pre-processing and post-
Provides the complete stress processing requirements.
and displacement fields for Solution may be mesh-
the analyzed domain. dependent.
Handles complex load In theory, the solution can
configurations easily. always be improved by
No inherent limitation on refining the 3D mesh.
number of structural layers or Improvement comes at the
expense of time.
material types.
Not limited to linear elastic
analysis.

February 12,
6
Layered Elastic Analysis is Used in
FAARFIELD Too!
Both layered elastic (LEAF)
and 3D-FEM (NIKE3D) are
used in FAARFIELD.
Flexible pavement design
LEAF is used for all structural
computations.
For flexible, no advantage to
using 3D-FEM.
Rigid pavement design
LEAF is used to generate a
preliminary thickness.
Final iterations are done
using 3D-FEM.

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3D-FEM Load (6 Wheels)

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3D-FEM Solution - Deflection

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9
3D-FEM Solution - Stress xx

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3D-FEM Solution - Stress yy

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3D-FEM Solution - Stress zz

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12
3D FEM Mesh Optimization
S/D 2D
(Single/Dual) (Dual Tandem)
3D Complex
(Triple Dual Tandem)

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13
Administration
Rigid Pavements

Software, Lima, Per
Example - New Rigid Design
Pavement Structure:
PCC Slab, P-501, R = 700 psi (4.83 MN/m2 )
Cement-Treated Base, P-304, 6 in. (152 mm) thick
Crushed Aggregate Base, P-209, 8 in. (203 mm)
thick
Subgrade k = 100 pci (27.1 MN/m3)
Traffic Mix:
Washington Dulles RWY 1L
14-Aircraft Mix includes B777, A340

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15
Traffic Mix: IAD RWY 1L-19R
Airport/Feature: Washington Dulles Airport (IAD), RWY 1L-19R
Aircraft No. Aircraft Gross Weight, lbs. (Tonnes) Annual Departures
1 Sngl Whl-30 35,000 (15.9) 17850
2 Sngl-Whl-60 55,000 (24.9) 164599
3 B727 210,000 (95.3) 7965
4 B737-700 160,000 (72.6) 86053
5 B737-800 173,000 (78.5) 17064
6 B757 250,000 (113.4) 22021
7 DC8 355,000 (161.0) 260
8 B767-200 350,000 (158.8) 10433
9 B777-200ER 634,500 (287.8) 11102
10 B777-300 750,000 (340.2) 996
11 B747-400 873,000 (396.0) 5990
12 DC10-10 460,000 (208.7) 4135
13 MD11 Wing 621,000 (281.7) 3693
14 MD11 Belly 621,000 (281.7) 3693
15 A340-200/300 Wing 621,000 (281.7) 2065
16 A340-200/300 Belly 621,000 (281.7) 2065

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16
Problem Set-Up
1. In Startup window, create
a new section in job
Workshop by copying
section NewRigid from
job Samples. Name the
new section Example2.
2. Open section Example1,
navigate to the Aircraft
window, and click Save
to Float to save all
aircraft to Float Aircraft.

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17
Problem Set-Up
3. Open section Example2,
and navigate to the
Aircraft window. Click
Clear List to remove the
sample aircraft.
4. Click Add Float to add

the float aircraft to the
design list. Click Save
List. Click Back to
return to Section window.

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18
Problem Set-Up
1. Click Modify Structure
and click on the
appropriate boxes to
change the default layer
properties.
2. When done, click End

Modify and Save
Structure.
3. Click Design Structure
to run the design.

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Design Running
During the design

process, the Design
Running clock will
appear.
For rigid designs, the
design will normally
take a few minutes.
Dont interrupt the
process.
The screen display will
change with each
iteration.

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Rigid Example Final Design

February 12,
21
CDF Contribution
CDF CDF Max P/C
No. Name Contribution for Aircraft Ratio
1 Sngl Whl-30 0.00 0.00 2.89
2 Sngl Whl-60 0.00 0.00 2.74
3 Sngl Whl-60 0.00 0.00 2.74
4 Adv. B727-200 Option 0.01 0.34 2.97
5 B737-700 0.00 0.06 3.69
6 B737-800 0.00 0.05 3.55
7 B757-200 0.00 0.00 3.95
8 DC8-63/73 0.00 0.01 3.38
9 B767-200 0.01 0.01 3.83
10 B777-200 ER 0.23 0.23 4.12
11 B777-300 Baseline 0.27 0.27 3.88
12 B747-400 0.24 0.24 3.47
13 DC10-10 0.03 0.03 3.80
14 MD11ER 0.15 0.15 3.71
15 MD11ER Belly 0.00 0.27 3.04
16 A340-300 std 0.07 0.07 1.88
17 A340-300 std Belly 0.00 0.09 2.86

February 12,
22
Administration
Rigid Pavements
Rigid Overlay Design in
FAARFIELD

Software, Lima, Per
FAARFIELD Overlay Design
HMA Overlays on Flexible Pavement
Same as designing a new flexible pavement, except the design
layer is the HMA overlay.
PCC Overlays on Flexible Pavement
Same principle as new rigid design.
HMA Overlays on Rigid Pavement
PCC Overlays on Rigid Pavement
More complex than new rigid pavement design.
Both slabs (base PCC and overlay) deteriorate with applied
traffic. Stresses are computed for both slabs.
E-modulus of the base slab is a function of reduced SCI.
Subroutines were completely rewritten for FAARFIELD.

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24
PCC on Rigid Overlays
Fully bonded overlays
Treat as a new rigid pavement design.
Thickness of overlay slab is hoverlay = hdesign hexist.
Unbonded overlay
Bond breaker or leveling course is used.
Partially bonded overlay
No longer a standard design in AC 150/5320-6E.
Default in FAARFIELD is off.
May be enabled from the Options window, but
displays a Non-Standard Structure message.

February 12,
25
Rigid on Rigid Overlay - FAARFIELD Rigid Overlay Model
Z
Y X

February 12,
26
Required Inputs
Existing rigid pavement condition is characterized by the
Structural Condition Index (SCI).
SCI is a subset of PCI that considers only load-related
distresses. The new AC gives guidance on SCI.
For existing pavements with structural damage (SCI < 100)
The user inputs a value of SCI for the existing pavement. The range of
allowable values depends on the overlay type:
Rigid on Rigid Overlays: SCI 40100
Flexible on Rigid Overlays: SCI 67100 (was 50-100)
The Help file gives approximate formulas for relating SCI to Cr and Cb
factors in earlier method.
For existing pavements where SCI=100 (no structural damage):
Estimate a value of % CDF Used (%CDFU).
The Help file gives guidance on estimating %CDFU using the Life key.

February 12,
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Rigid Life Example - %CDFU
%CDFU=21.57

February 12,
28
Administration
Rigid Pavements
Example HMA on Rigid
Overlay Design

Software, Lima, Per
Example: HMA on Rigid Overlay
Pavement Structure:
Flexible Overlay, P-401
PCC Slab, 10 in. (254 cm), R = 715 psi
(4.93 MN/m2), SCI = 70
Cement Treated Base, P-304, 6 in. (152 mm)
Traffic Mix:

February 12,
30
Example HMA on Rigid Overlay
Problem Set-Up (Metric)
1. Highlight Example2 and
click Dup Section. When
prompted, change the
name to Example3. Double
click on Example3 to open
the Structure window.
2. Click Modify Structure
and make changes to the
PCC layer properties.

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31
1. Click Add/Delete Layer
and select the PCC surface
layer. In the dialogue box,
select Add. A new PCC
surface layer will appear.
2. Click on the material label

in the top PCC layer and
select HMA overlay from
the material type selection
dialog box. Click OK.

February 12,
32
1. Click on the label SCI=67
at the top of the display. In
the Changing Existing
SCI dialog box enter 70
and click OK.
2. Click End Modify and

Save Structure.
3. Click Design Structure
to run the overlay design.

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Final Design

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34
Administration
Rigid Pavements
Example PCC on Rigid Overlay
Design

Software, Lima, Per
Example: PCC on Rigid Overlay
Existing PCC structure will receive a P-501 PCC
overlay to support additional traffic.
Assume R for new concrete = 650 psi (4.48 MPa)
Existing Pavement Structure:
PCC Slab, 15.75 in. (400 cm), R = 700 psi (4.83 MN/m2).
SCI = 100. Estimate %CDFU from traffic history.
Cement Treated Base, P-304, 6 in. (152 mm)
Design Traffic Mix:

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36
Estimate %CDFU
Procedure for computing %CDFU:

Input the original pavement structure.
Estimate the annual traffic applied to the
existing pavement up to the time of the
overlay.
Set Design Life to the number of years the
pavement will have been in operation at the
time of the overlay.
Run Life to obtain %CDFU.

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37
Estimate %CDFU (Example)
Assume the following traffic mix was applied to the

existing pavement:
Gross Wt., Annual

No. Name Tonnes Departures
1 Adv. B727-200 Option 78.0 1,200
2 B737-700 72.6 500
3 DC8-63/73 161.0 260
Assume that at the time of the overlay the pavement will
have been in operation 12 years.
February 12,
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1. In the Structure window,

enter the existing
pavement structure (no
overlay).
2. Click Aircraft to go to the
Aircraft window.
3. Enter the annual traffic
applied to the existing
pavement structure.
4. Click Back to return to the
Structure window.

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5. In the Structure window,

change the Des. Life to the
number of years that the
pavement will have been in
service at the time of overlay
(12 years in this example.)
6. Click Life to run Life.
7. The calculated %CDFU will
appear on the Structure
window, at the lower left of
the pavement section.
8. %CDFU = 84.23 (Say 84%).

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9. In the Structure window, click

Modify Structure.
10. Click Add/Delete Layer. Select the
PCC surface layer by clicking on
it with the mouse. In the dialog
box, select Add and click OK. A
new PCC surface layer appears.
11. You must change the top layer to
an overlay. Click on the Layer
Material box. In the Layer Type
Selection Box, select Overlay
Fully Unbonded and click OK.

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12. In the upper right corner of the
Structure window:
1. Change SCI to 100.
2. Change %CDFU to 84.
13. Change Design Life to 20
years (standard).
14. Change R (overlay) to 4.48 MPa
15. Click End Modify.
16. Click Save Structure.
17. Click Aircraft to go to the
Aircraft window.

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42
18. In the Aircraft window:
1. Click Clear List to clear all
aircraft from the list.
2. Add the design aircraft list
manually or using the Add Float
function.
19. Click Save List and Back to
return to the Structure
Window.
20. Click Design Structure to
run the overlay design.

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Final Design

February 12,
44
Administration
Rigid Pavements

Software, Lima, Per
New Flexible Pavements New Rigid Pavements,

Flexible Overlays on Flexible Rigid Overlays on Rigid Pavement
Pavements Flex Overlays on Rigid Pavement
LeafSG.out Subgrade layer responses NikePCC.out Stresses at the bottom
for flexible pavement. of PCC layer.
LeafAC.out HMA surface layer Nike3d.txt 3D finite element summary
responses for a flexible pavement. output file.
n3dhsp 3D finite element detailed
Common Files output file.
Pltdata.dat 3D-FE mesh plot data (Can
Storage files: be imported to a postprocessor
*.job files contain all of the data program for viewing.)
required by FAARFIELD for all of the
sections in one job
*.nts files contain user entered
information
Help file faarfield.chm.

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Output Files Additional Information
By default, *.out files

are not written.
To create output files,
uncheck No Out File
in the Options window.
Files are written to the
working directory.
Job files created in
LEDFAA 1.3 are
readable by
FAARFIELD.

February 12,
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Administration
Rigid Pavements
More Information

Software, Lima, Per
More Information
FAARFIELD Help File Click Help from

any window.
FAARFIELD Demonstration
Clicking Demonstration from the Startup window
runs an automated tutorial.
Click the Organize, Structure, or Aircraft button for a
demonstration of the respective section.
Contact David.Brill@faa.gov
FAA Airport Technology Branch web site:
www.airporttech.tc.faa.gov

February 12,
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Questions?

February 12,
50

Faarfield Rigid Incl 3d Fem

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FAARFIELD 1.

Presented to: Workshop on New FAA Design

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

Presented to: Workshop on New FAA Design

3D Finite Element is:

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

Presented to: Workshop on New FAA Design

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

4. Click Add Float to add

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

2. When done, click End

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

During the design

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

Presented to: Workshop on New FAA Design

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

Presented to: Workshop on New FAA Design

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

2. Click on the material label

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

2. Click End Modify and

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

Presented to: Workshop on New FAA Design

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

Procedure for computing %CDFU:

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

Assume the following traffic mix was applied to the

Gross Wt., Annual

1. In the Structure window,

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

5. In the Structure window,

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

9. In the Structure window, click

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

Presented to: Workshop on New FAA Design

New Flexible Pavements New Rigid Pavements,

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

By default, *.out files

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation

Presented to: Workshop on New FAA Design

FAARFIELD Help File Click Help from

FAARFIELD 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design Federal Aviation