Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Whole blood
Unseparated blood collected into an approved
container containing an anticoagulant-preservative
solution
Blood component
A constituent of blood, separated from whole
blood, such as:
Red cell concentrate
Plasma
Platelet concentrates
Cryoprecipitate
WHOLE BLOOD (CPD-
Adenine-1)
Description
350 ml donor blood
49 ml anticoagulant-preservative solution
No functional platelets
Infection risk
Not sterilized
Exchange transfusion
Hematocrit 55%75%
Unit of issue
1 donation
Administration
Same as whole blood
To improve transfusion flow, normal saline (50100
ml)may be added using a Y-pattern infusion set
PLATELET CONCENTRATES
Description
Single donor unit 5060 ml of plasma should contain:
At least 55 x 109 platelets
Unit of issue
Single donor unit: platelets prepared from one donation
Storage
Up to 72 hours at 20C to 24C
Indications
Treatment of bleeding due to:
Thrombocytopenia
Platelet function defects
Infection risk
If untreated, same as whole blood
DIC
TTP
Precautions
Acute allergic reactions are not uncommon,
especially with rapid infusions
Dosage
Initial dose of 15 ml/kg
Administration
Must normally be ABO compatible to avoid risk of
hemolysis in recipient
Infection risk
As for plasma, but a normal adult dose involves at
least 6 donor exposures
Storage
At 25C or colder for up to 1 year
Indications
As an alternative to Factor VIII concentrate in the
treatment of inherited deficiencies of:
von Willebrand Factor (von Willebrands
disease)
Factor VIII (hemophilia A)
Factor XIII
Recipient factors
Increased risk: smoking, chronic alcohol use,
shock, liver surgery (transplantation),
mechanical ventilation >30cm h20 pressure
support and positive fluid balance
Guidelines for the recognition
and management of
acute transfusion reactions
Delayed hemolytic transfusion
reactions
Signs and symptoms
Signs appear 510 days after transfusion:
Fever
Anemia
Jaundice
Occasionally hemoglobinuria
Investigations:
Recheck the patients blood group
Plasma exchange
Characterized by:
Fever
Skin rash and desquamation
Diarrhea
Hepatitis
Pancytopenia.
Management
Usually fatal. Treatment is supportive; there is no
specific therapy.
Prevention
Gamma irradiation of cellular blood components to
stop the proliferation of transfused lymphocytes
Iron overload
There are no physiological mechanisms to
eliminate excess iron