DEMOCRATIC

TEACHING
DEFINITION

Democratic education is an educational ideal in which

democracy is both a goal and a method of instruction. It
brings democratic values to education and can include self-
determination within a community of equals, as well as such
values as justice, respect and trust.
Education as "learning that equips every human being to
participate fully in a healthy democracy.

Institute for Democratic Education America (IDEA)

KEY CONCEPT

Mistaken goals.
Democratic teaching.
Encouragement.
Logical consequences.
 DEMOCRATIC STRATEGIES
& MODULAR APPROACH

Democratic Approach:
*SENSITIVITY TRAINING
*RECAPITULATION
*DRILL WORK
*REVIEW
*ASSIGNMENT
*INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVE STRATEGIES
 SENSITIVITY
TRAINING

*Helps an individual to sensitize the real

feelings, values and intents of others.

*Helps to become sensitive to the

communications of others and able to
discern the real from the artificial.

*Better face to face communication

FOUNDERS :
LELAND BRADFORD
RONALD LIPPITT
KENNETH BENNE
Advantages of Sensitivity Training
students behavior can be
analyzed
social capabilities of the student
can be developed
tolerance and adjustment
capability among the students
can be developed
appreciation-- motivation
behavior efficiency can be
enhanced
A diagnostic understanding
through interaction
 DRILL
^^A learning method through
reinforcing
^^The important points of a
chapter can be repeated
^^It will set in the minds of the
students ^^Repetition will
become spontaneous soon
^^Effort of using a method
goes slowly
^^Mostly based upon
memorization and practice
 STEPS
Students have to learn the content by
heart

If not it will become a burden

Drill work should go only for that duration
till the students enjoy

Otherwise it will become mechanical

Specific and difficult points of the learnt
knowledge should be emphasized

Related to the actual life

Rectify errors and give assistance
Teacher should have patience
 TO TO
PREPARE REVIEW

FOR
REMEDIES
 INDUCTIVE STRATEGY

Instead of beginning with general

principles and eventually getting to
applications, the instruction begins with
specificsa set of observations or
experimental data to interpret, a case
study to analyze, or a complex real-world
problem to solve. [Inquiry learning,
problem-based learning, project-based
learning, case-based teaching,
discovery learning] LEARNER
CENTERED
 UNKNOW
DEDUCTIVE N TO
KNOWN
STRATEGY
Deductive
strategy uses
presentation of
ABSTRA
principles and CT TO
generalized CONCRE
TE
ideas in the
beginning then
goes for COMPL
application of SIMPLE
EX TO

this principles.
RECAPITULATION
R
E
RECAP P
E
T
I
T
REVISION I
O
N
Advantages of Recapitulation

Revision of the lesson will help the

students

Easy to know about the limit to which the

student has acquired new knowledge

Understand the difficult parts & the points

which students did not able to understand

So the teacher can explain again.

Tells how much the teaching is successful

on the other hand
Applying Democratic
Teaching
TEACHERS ROLES
1. Respect and treat students as individuals.
2. Modelling respects all the time.
3. Treat students with dignity, friendliness, firmness and kindness.
4. Allow students to make important class decision.
5. Utilize instructional methods that meet individual students
learning needs and interests.
6. Identify the goals of misbehavior than imposing the punishment.
7. Encourage students to actively participate in the classroom
activities.
8. Build sense of community in the classroom.
 Develop habits of
reflective thinking.
Constructive
behaviour.
Allows students to
take responsibility
for their own
actions. Develop sense of
belonging.
STRENGTHS

Develop social
Promotes respect
manners.
and communication
among teachers and
students. Fair and equal
treatment.
EXPLANATION OF
STRENGTHS
Constructing behaviour through positive reinforcement.
Erase any-judgemental and bias approaches by the
teachers toward their students.
The ability of ------ student to rationalize the
consequences of their act which promotes good
behaviour to get a good consequences.
 Teachers might Teacher will possess
not be able to less power in
provide logical controlling the
consequences for students.
all misbehaviours.

It takes time for

the students to be
On going constructive WEAKNESSES able think
behaviour are needed
critically.
all the time.

Less effective in
applying this approach
with lower primary in
Malaysian context.