Survey and design in Removable

Partial denture
 Surveyor
Dr A .J . Fortunati in 1918
Ney surveyor in 1923
Wills surveyor by jelenko
Def:
A paralleling instrument used in construction
of a prosthesis to locate and delineate the
contours and relative position of abutment teeth
and associate structure.
Surveying: An analysis and comparison of the
prominence of intra oral contours associated with
the fabrication of a prosthesis.
 Uses of surveyor
1)Surveying diagnostic cast
Relative parallelism of abutment teeth.
Contouring of enamel surface
Soft tissue contour .
Tilt of the cast
survey line
placing an undercut.
2)Tripoding the cast
3)Contouring the wax pattern
4)Contouring crown and cast Restoration
 5)Placing internal attachments and rests.
6)Surveying the master cast

Path of insertion
The specific direction in which
a prosthesis is placed on the abutment teeth .
Path of insertion will always be parallel to the
vertical arm of the surveyor.
Tilt of the cast may required .
If edentulous space is tooth bounded --single
path of insertion.
 Cl - 2 mod 1 - edentulous situation --modification
determine the path of insertion .

Cl -1 -- multiple path of insertion -- controlled by

two terminal abutments .

Cl - 4 --always single path of insertion .

Minor connectors plays an important role during

path of insertion .
Shoulder of the clasp and reciprocal arm or
lingual plate plays minor role during path of
insertion.
Factors influencing path of insertion
1)Retentive undercuts
Retentive undercut decides the frame work
design.
Enameloplasty required to improve the undercut
crowns may be fabricated on abutment teeth to
create a undercut .
Ideal undercut - 0.010 - mesio buccal or disto
buccal line angle -- Gingival third of the tooth .
Undercut -- 0.020 -- wrought wire clasp
Get a undercut - by tilting the cast horizontally .
Tilt changes the height of the contour.
2)Interferences
Soft tissue undercut and bony exostoses .

Mandible
Position of the major connector
Thickness of the lingual bar is compromised
Lingual inclination of the premolars and molars.
Labial bar is indicated - Dis adv -Discomfort and
plumping of the lower lip.
Contouring the enamel on the lingual surface .
Placing restoration on the teeth .
Undercut buccal to the premolar -- difficult to
place a bar clasp.
 Maxilla

Torus palatinus interferes with the placement of

the major connector.
Buccal and labial inclination of the teeth ---
Height of the contour is close to the occlusal
surface ---- poor esthetics .
Anterior undercuts managed by eliminating labial
flange.
 3) Esthetics
Clasp arm must be concealed without
compromising support and stability of the
prosthesis .
Artificial anterior teeth must be placed in most
natural position as possible.
Tilt the cast --- bring survey line on gingival 3rd
Ideal location of clasp.
Type of the clasp .
Disking of adjacent teeth to provide a space for
artificial teeth or crowns no the adjacent teeth to
close the diastema.
 4)Guiding planes
Guiding planes are formed from the proximal or
axial surfaces of the teeth and are contacted by
the minor connectors or rigid elements of the
partial denture .
Help stabilize against lateral forces.
Protect weakened teeth from lateral forces .
Guiding plane need 2-3mm occluso gingivally .
These planes are developed parallel to the path
of insertion .
Guiding planes always on enamel .
Guiding planes determined by surveyor .