TRANSLATION OF AXES

A TRANSLATION OF AXES GIVES A NEW SET OF AXES PARALLEL TO THE OLD

ONES.
THE ORIGIN OF THE NEW COORDINATE SYSTEM IS THE POINT (H,K) OF THE
OLD SYSTEM
EVERY POINT HAS TWO REPRESENTATIONS: (X,Y) = OLD ; (X,Y) = NEW
TRANSLATION EQUATIONS:

= OR = +
= = +
 y y
(x,y)
P
(x,y)
y
(h,k) y
x
k x x
O
h

x
TRANSLATION OF CONICS

CIRCLE
General Equation (C = A)
From the general equation of conic sections, C = A.
Hence, the equation of the circle is
Ax+Ay+Dx+Ey+F=0

Standard Equation
x +y = r
(xh) +(yk) =r
 A curve has an equation (x+2) 2 + (y-4) 2 = 9 and
origin (-2,4)
If the origin is translated to (-2,4),find the equation of the curve in the
translated system .

Solution :
x=x-h=x+2
y=y-k=y-4

To obtain x2+y2=9
GRAPH
C(-2,4), r= 3

C(-2,4)

C(0,0)
A curve has equation (x-2) 2 + (y-5) 2 = 64
origin (2,5)
If the origin is translated to (2,5),find the
equation of the curve in the translated
system .
Solution :
x=x-h=x-2
y=y-k=y-5

To obtain x2+y2=64
Graph
(2,5), r = 8

C(2,5)

C(0,0)
Translation of Parabolas
 HORIZONTAL TRANSLATION (0, 0)

y = x2
y = (x h)2
If: h = 6
y = (x 6)2
If: h = -6
y = (x + 6)2
 VERTICAL TRANSLATION (0, 0)

y = x2
y = (x2 + k)
If: k = 5
y = x2 + 5
If: k = -5
y = x2 5
 HORIZONTAL TRANSLATION
(h, k)
Move y2 6y 4x + 1 = 0, 5 units to the LEFT
y2 6y 4x + 1 = 0
y2 6y = 4x 1
y2 6y + 9 = 4x 1 + 9
(y 3)2 = 4x + 8 (-2, 3)

(y 3)2 = 4(x + 2)

x = -2 ; y = 3
 HORIZONTAL TRANSLATION
(h, k)
Move y2 6y 4x + 1 = 0, 5 units to the LEFT

LET : x = x1 + 5

(y 3)2 = 4(x + 2)
(-7, 3) (-2, 3)
(y 3)2 = -4(x + 5 + 2)

(y 3)2 = -4(x + 7)

x = -7 ; y = 3
FORMULA:
x = x1 + h
 HORIZONTAL TRANSLATION
(h, k)
Move y2 6y 4x + 1 = 0, 5 units to the RIGHT

LET : x = x1 5

(y 3)2 = 4(x + 2)
(-2, 3) (3, 3)
(y 3)2 = -4(x 5 + 2)

(y 3)2 = -4(x 3)

x=3;y=3
FORMULA:
x = x1 h
 VERTICAL TRANSLATION
(h, k)
Move y2 6y 4x + 1 = 0, 3 units to the DOWNWARD

LET : y = y1 + 3
(y 3)2 = 4(x + 2)
(-2, 3)
(y 3 3)2 = -4(x + 2)
(-2, 0)
y2 = -4(x + 2)

x = -2 ; y = 0
FORMULA:
y = y1 + k
 VERTICAL TRANSLATION
(h, k)
Move y2 6y 4x + 1 = 0, 6 units to the UPWARD

LET : y = y1 6
(-2, 9)
(y 3)2 = 4(x + 2)

(-2, 3)
(y 6 3)2 = -4(x + 2)

(y 9)2 = -4(x + 2)

x = -2 ; y = 9
FORMULA:
y = y1 k
Translation Parabola Vertically & Horizontally
(h,k)

Find the new equation for x2 2x + 4y 1 = 0 when moved (3, 1)

x2 2x + 4y 1 = 0

x2 2x = -4y + 1
x2 2x + 1 = -4y + 1 + 1 (1,0.5)

(x 1)2 = -4y + 2
(x 1)2 = -4(y 0.5)

x = 1 ; y = 0.5
 Translation Parabola Vertically & Horizontally
(h,k)
Find the new equation for x2 2x + 4y 1 = 0 when
moved 3 units to the left and 1 unit downward
x = x + 3 ; y = y + 1
(x 1)2 = -4(y 0.5)
(x + 3 1)2 = -4(y + 1 0.5)
(x + 2)2 = -4(y + 0.5)
(-2, -0.5) (1,0.5)
(x + 2)2 = -4(y + 0.5)
x2 + 4x + 4 = -4y 2 + 4
x2 + 4x + 4 + 4y + 2 4 = 0
FORMULA: x2 + 4x + 4y + 2 = 0
x1 = x + h | y 1 = y + k
Translation of Axes : ELLIPSE

Translate so that the center of vertex of the conic section is at the

origin of the new coordinate system.
Ellipse on its original axis : solution

a = length of major axis from center

b = length of minor axis from center
c = distance from center to vertex
e= eccentricity
d = distance of center to directrix

Directrix 3x-16 = 0
3x+34=0

Or 3.2
Graph
Translated ellipse, ellipse on its new axis : Solution
Coordinates of the translated ellipse
Find the center of the ellipse and
translate it to origin
Translation of Conics:
Hyperbola
RECALL:

GENERAL EQUATION:
Ax2 Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = O
STANDARD EQUATION:
x2 y 2 (x h) 2 (y k)2
2 2 1 2 2 1
a b a b
y2 x 2 (y k)2 (x h)2
2 2 1 2 2 1
a b a b
Example:
1. Transform the equation 9 2 4 2 36 24 36 = 0 into one of the standard
forms. And give the translated equation of the curve.
9 2 4 2 36 24 36 = 0
9( 2 4 )4( 2 + 6 )=36
9( 2 4 + 4) + 4( 2 + 6 + 9) = 36 + 36 36
9 2 2 + 4 + 3 2 = 36
9 2 2 + 4 + 3 2 36
=
36 36
() +
=

 a=2

B(2,-3)
C(2,-3)

V (0,-3) V(-3,4)

b=3

B(2,-6)
(2)2 +3 2
= 1 ; (h,k) = (2,-3)
4 9

USE THE FORMULAS :

= + =
= + =
for the problem:
= =
= = +
make the substitution:


= ; Center (0,0)

 a=2

B(0,2)

V(-2,0) V(2,0)

C(0,0)
b=3

B(0,-2)
 (0,0)

(-2,0) (2,0)

(0,-3) (2,-3) (4,-3)

2. Finding the original equation of a translated hyperbola. If the hyperbola in the
original system has vertices on the line x = -4, conjugate axis on line y = 3 and its
2
2
translated equation is: =1
4 9
from the given equation,
V(0,2)
a = 4 ; a = 2 ,
b= 9 ; b = 3 (0,0) a=2

B(-3,0) B(3,0)
b=3

V(0,-2)
Since from the lines x = -4 and y =3, we can conclude that:

x = -4

(-4,5)
b=3
a=2 y=3

Center (-4,3)

(-4,1)
To solve the equation:
(h.k) = (-4,3)
= = 4 = +
= =
Make the substitutions:
Equation of the hyperbola in the original system:
( )2 + 2
=1
4 9
Problem set:
Write the equation of the curve for the translated system. Identify the curve. And
graph.
1. ( 3)2 +( 5)2 = 81
2. ( + 9)2 = 16 4
(+8)2 (+3)2
3. 12
+
8
=1
(9)2 +5 2
4. 10

6
=1