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Switching System SS
AUC
Other
networks GMSC MSC
Signaling transmission
BTS
Call connections and
signaling transmission
MS
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Network elements in GSM AUC
VLR
MSC
BSC
BTS MS
Network Hierarchy
AUC
HLR
SIM card
SA1 SA2
VLR VLR
MSC MSC
SA - Service Area
LA - Location Area
BTS - Base Transceiver Station
BSC BSC
BSC - Base Station Controller
BTS MSC - Mobile Switching Center
VLR - Visitor Location Register
GMSC - Gateway MSC
EIR - Equipment Identity Register
LA1 AUC - Authentication Center
LA2
HLR - Home Location Register
GSM interfaces
B G
VLR VLR
D
Um Abis A
C H
MS BTS BSC MSC HLR AUC
E
MSC
F
EIR
The Um interface is the interface between the MS and the RBS. Other name of this interface is Air interface as the communication is
in the air
The terms BSC and RBS are for the nodes in the BSS. Abis is the name of the interface connecting the two nodes. Various kinds of
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information is transferred over the Abis interface like synchronization information, traffic (speech, data, fax, etc.), in-band signaling.
The interface separating the BSS from the MSC is called the A interface. It not only supports messages between the MSC and BSS,
but also messages between the MSC and MS.
Macro, Mini, Micro and Indoor Cells
Macro
Antenna positions
Mini
Pico Micro
Relation Between Areas in GSM
Location Area
Cell
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Authentication Procedure
1. RAND
MSC/VLR
3. SRES
MS
4. Compare SRES received from 2. MS calculates SRES using RAND + Ki
MS with SRES in triplet. If they (SIM-card) through A3 and Kc using RAND+Ki
are equal access is granted. through A8.
AUC HLR
Random number (RAND)
Signal response (SRES)
VLR
RAND
MSC
SRES
Figure D.6.4
Equipment Identification
EIR MSC/VLR
Detached (Off)
Idle Paging
Mr. Bond!!
Attached (On)
Handover
Busy
Monitoring BCCH Carriers
Frequency bands for the different GSM-based
networks. (Values within brackets refer to E-GSM)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3 57 1 26 1 57 3
Burst
148 Bits
156.25 Bits
0.577 ms
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