The Road to 250

14 June 2017
Virus Structure Notes

CMV (HHV-5) Enveloped, DS linear DNA virus Torch infection, AIDS

EBV (HHV-4) Enveloped, DS linear DNA virus Mono, Atypical lymphocytes on blood
smear are cytotoxic T cells
HIV Enveloped, SS + linear RNA virus (2 copies) Homozygous CCR5 mutation=immunity
Heterozygous CCR5 mutation=slow
Parvovirus B19 Naked, SS linear DNA virus Aplastic crisis in SC, Fifth disease

Rabies Enveloped, SS helical RNA virus Negri bodies, Retrograde transmission via
dynein motors
Rhinovirus Naked, SS + linear RNA virus Common cold
A 33-year-old woman was diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia. In addition to drugs to treat her pneumonia, she began
taking zidovudine, lamivudine, and ritonavir. Although she initially responds to treatment, 1 year later, her physician considers
adding enfuvirtide to her regimen.

What is the mechanism of action of enfuvirtide?

a. Blocking incorporation of the viral genome into the host cell genome
b. Interfering with posttranslational processing of viral proteins
c. Preventing synthesis of DNA from viral RNA
d. Preventing entry of viral particles into the target host cell
e. Blocking translation of the viral messenger RNAs
A 33-year-old woman was diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia. In addition to drugs to treat her pneumonia, she began
taking zidovudine, lamivudine, and ritonavir. Although she initially responds to treatment, 1 year later, her physician considers
adding enfuvirtide to her regimen.

What is the mechanism of action of enfuvirtide?

a. Blocking incorporation of the viral genome into the host cell genome
b. Interfering with posttranslational processing of viral proteins
c. Preventing entry of viral particles by binding CCR-5
d. Preventing entry of viral particles by binding gp41
e. Inhibits nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase

a. This is the MOA of the Intergrase Inhibitors (Raltegravir, Elvitegravir, Dolutegravir- all contain tegravir in the name)
b. This is the MOA of Protease Inhibitors (all end in navir)
c. This is the MOA of Maraviroc (Maraviroc blocks the dock)
d. This is the correct MOA for enfuviritde.
e. This is the MOA of NRTIs and NNRTIs
Hypercoagulability
Mabs and Ibs
Understanding the naming convention
Mabs (monoclonal antibodies)
Prefix
Infix representing the target or disease
Infix indicating the source
Stem used as a suffix
 The target
Infix: -tu-/-t- infix: -gr(o)-
Definition: tumors Definition: skeletal muscle mass related growth
Example: -tuzumab/-tumab/-tomab factors and receptors as target
Example: -grumab
Infix: -li-/-l- Infix: -ki-/-k-
Definition: immunomodulator Definition: interleukins
Example: -liximab/-lumab/-lixizumab Example: -kiximab/-kumab
Infix: -ba-/-b- Infix: -ne-/-n-
Definition: bacterial Definition: neurons as targets
Example: -bixumab/-bumab Example: -nezumab/-numab
Infix: -ci-/-c- Infix: -so-/-s-
Definition: cardiovascular Definition: bone
Example: -cixumab/-cumab Example: -somab/-sumab
Infix: -fu-/-f- Infix: -vi-/-v-
Definition: antifungal Definition: viruses, antiviral indications
Example: -vizumab/-vumab
example: -fuzumab/-fumab
The tumor-specific infixes have been discontinued because most monoclonal antibodies with oncology indications are investigated for more
than 1 type of tumor. Thus, the following infixes are no longer used: -col- (colon cancer), -mel- (melanoma), -got- (testes), -gov- (ovarian), and -
po- (prostate).
The source
Source Infixes Used Frequently
Infix: -zu-
Definition: humanized
Infix: -o-
Definition: mouse
Infix: -u-
Definition: fully human
Infix: -xi-
Definition: chimeric
Infix: -xizu-
Definition: combination of humanized and chimeric chains
Some examples
Some examples
Some examples
Understanding the naming convention
Ibs (intercellular targets)
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors- tinib
Proteasome inhibitors- zomib
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors- ciclib
Some examples