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METHANOL TO OLEFIN PRODUCTION VIA STEAM CRACKING PROCESS

Steam cracking is a pyrolysis process Residence time (0.1 0.5 sec )


whereby a hydrocarbon mixture is Short residence time favours primary
heated in metal tubes inside a furnace in reactions where olefins are formed
the presence of steam to a temperature at Long residence time favours secondary
which the hydrocarbon molecules reactions where olefins are destroyed Advantages
thermally decomposes Pressure (2 3 bar) High energy efficiency and minimum
These reactions require a residence time High pressure favours secondary environmental emissions
of less than one second and are reactions High plant reliability
endothermic Low pressure favours primary reactions Simple operation
Methanol can be produced both from Dilution steam (0.3 0.8 kg/kg) Good maintainability
biomass and from fossil feedstocks and Reduces partial pressure of HC Minimum losses
most of the methanol currently available Suppresses secondary reactions
on the world market today is produced Prevents excessive coke formation
from coal or natural gas Heavier feedstock needs more steam Disadvantages
The heat from methanol synthesis can Temperature 800 850 C High cost of operation due to higher
be used to convert part of methanol into High temperature promotes the amount of energy (800 850 C ) used
DME (dimethyl-ether CH3OCH3) and formation of lower olefins, low heat exchangers are prone to fouling
water. temperatures favour oligomerization and therefore need both scheduled and
Then, DME is converted into olefins Fast temperature rise favours ethylene unscheduled shutdowns
through olefin synthesis reactions. A and propylene An additional issue is coking.
fluidized or fixed bed reactor is used. The heavier the feed the lower the Regular decoking is required in various
Temperature is controlled between 800 temperature parts of the pyrolysis section.
t0 850 degree celcius in steam Selectivety Before decoking, the furnace has to be
cracking.The pressure maintained 70% to 85% towards ethylene and shut down
between 2 to 3 bar propylene
Yield
Product ratio of ethylene and propylene
is in the range of 0.7 to 1.4
BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM OF METHANOL TO OLEFIN PRODUCTION VIA STEAM CRACKING METHOD
Preheated
exchangers

Compressor
Storage Cracking Water Quench
Tank Furnace Column

cw
Primary
Fractionator
cw

HP Steam
To
dilution
Ethylene
Pyrolysis fuel oil steam
generat
Hydrogen or Caustic

Dethanizer MEA or caustic


H2 Depropanizer Propylene
H2 wash tower
fractionator
Propylene
Methane
Debutanizer Mixed C4's

Pyrolysis gasoline
Condensa Demethanizer
te
Storage tank

Ethylene Propane
Condensate Fractionator Ethane
spliter Hydrometer Gasoli
HDS Catalyst
unit ne

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