Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
05-Jun-07 2
Course Outline
10. Wings and Wing-Fuselage Combinations in
Compressible Flows
11. Method of Characteristics
12. Computational Gas Dynamics
13. Hypersonic Flows
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Course assessment
Attendance, Presentation, Quiz and
Homework 40 points
Attendance 10 points
Presentation 10 points
Homework 20 points
Midterm examination 30 points
Final examination 30 points
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Introduction to compressible flows
Compressible flow
Review of thermodynamics
Total (Stagnation) conditions
Isentropic flow
Supersonic flow
Shock waves
Definition
Characteristics
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Introduction to compressible flows
Review of thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics
q + w = de
For a reversible process
q - pd = de
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Introduction to compressible flows
Entropy
Theory of work laws in closed system
2 Forms of energy transfer : Work and Heat
Area under Pressure-Volume diagram = Work (W)
Reversible expansion or compression
P
P
dV
V
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Introduction to compressible flows
Entropy
Area under T-s diagram = Heat Transfer (Q)
T
OR T
ds
Reversible process
Specific entropy s , J/(kg K)
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Introduction to compressible flows
The second law of thermodynamic (Irreversible
process)
or
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Introduction to compressible flows
Isentropic Processes
Isentropic Constant Entropy
Reversible and Adiabatic process
T
ds = 0
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Introduction to compressible flows
Isentropic Flow
Adiabatic and Reversible
No energy added, No energy losses
Small an gradual change in flow variables
h0 h0
T0 T0
P0 P0
ds = 0
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Introduction to compressible flows
Isentropic relation
For and adiabatic, reversible process
with
so
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Introduction to compressible flows
Total (Stagnation) conditions :
A point (or points) in the flow where V = 0.
Fluid element adiabatically slow down
V1 V2 = 0
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Introduction to compressible flows
From Energy Equation and the first law of thermodynamics
Total enthalpy = Static enthalpy + Kinetic energy (per unit
mass)
h01 h02
h1 h2
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Introduction to compressible flows
Question
2) Consider a point in a flow where the velocity
and temperature are 230m/s and 375K
respectively. Calculate the total enthalpy at this
point.
3) An airfoil is in a freestream where P = 0.75
atm, = 0.942 kg/m3 and V = 325 m/s. At a
point on the airfoil surface, the pressure is 0.62
atm. Assuming isentropic flow, calculate the
velocity at the point.
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Introduction to compressible flows
Compressible flow
Density changes
Incompressible Compressible
constant varies
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Introduction to compressible flows
Compressibility
Measure of the relative volume change with
pressure P+dp
P
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Introduction to compressible flows
Compressibility
P
Incompressible Flow
P+ dp
P Compressible Flow
P+dp
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Introduction to compressible flows
Entropy
Isentropic Relations
Compressibility
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