GOVERNMENT MANDATORY

HEALTH SEMINAR
AIDS/ HIV
HEPATITIS B
TUBERCOLOSIS
PROHIBITED DRUGS
WHAT IS AIDS / HIV?
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a
chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused
by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By
damaging your immune system, HIVinterferes with
your body's ability to fight the organisms that cause
disease.HIVis a sexually transmitted infection.
HIVinfectionis caused by thehuman
immunodeficiency virus. You can get
HIV from contact with infected blood,
semen, or vaginal fluids. Most people get
the virus by having unprotected sex with
someone who has HIV. Another common
way of getting it is by sharing drug
needles with someone who is infected
with HIV.
HOW HIV IS PASSED FROM ONE PERSON TO
ANOTHER?
You can get or transmit HIV only through specific
activities. Most commonly, people get or transmit
HIV through sexual behaviors and needle or syringe
use.
Only certain body fluidsblood, semen (cum), pre-
seminal fluid (pre-cum), rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and
breast milkfrom a person who has HIV can transmit
HIV. These fluids must come in contact with a mucous
membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected into
the bloodstream (from a needle or syringe) for
transmission to occur. Mucous membranes are found
inside the rectum, vagina, penis, and mouth.
DOES IT SURVIVE OUTSIDE THE BODY?
HIV does not survive long outside the human body
(such as on surfaces), and it cannot reproduce
outside a human host. Itis notspread by
Mosquitoes, ticks, or other insects.
Saliva, tears, or sweat that is not mixed with the blood
of an HIV-positive person.
Hugging, shaking hands, sharing toilets, sharing dishes,
or closed-mouth or social kissing with someone who
is HIV-positive.
Other sexual activities that dont involve the exchange
of body fluids (for example, touching).
CAN I GET IT FROM ANAL SEX?
Yes. In fact, anal sex is the riskiest type of sex for
getting or transmitting HIV.
HIV can be found in certain body fluidsblood, semen ( cum),
pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), or rectal fluidsof a person who
has HIV. Although receptive anal sex (bottoming) is much
riskier for getting HIV than insertive anal sex (topping), its
possible for either partnerthe top or the bottomto get
HIV. The bottoms risk is very high because the lining of the
rectum is thin and may allow HIV to enter the body during
anal sex. The top is also at risk because HIV can enter the
body through the opening at the tip of the penis (or urethra);
the foreskin if the penis isnt circumcised; or small cuts,
scratches, or open sores anywhere on the penis.
CAN I GET IT FROM VAGINAL SEX?

Yes. Either partner can get HIV through vaginal sex,

though it is less risky for getting HIV than receptive
anal sex.
When a woman has vaginal sex with a partner whos HIV-
positive, HIV can enter her body through the mucous
membranes that line the vagina and cervix. Most women
who get HIV get it from vaginal sex.
Men can also get HIV from having vaginal sex with a
woman whos HIV-positive. This is because vaginal fluid
and blood can carry HIV. Men get HIV through the
opening at the tip of the penis (or urethra); the foreskin if
theyre not circumcised; or small cuts, scratches, or open
sores anywhere on the penis.
CAN I GET IT FROM ORAL SEX?

The chance that an HIV-negative person will get HIV from oral sex
with an HIV-positive partner is extremely low.

Oral sex involves putting the mouth on the penis (fellatio), vagina
(cunnilingus), or anus (anilingus). In general, theres little to no risk of
getting or transmitting HIV through oral sex.

Factors that may increase the risk of transmitting HIV through oral sex
are ejaculation in the mouth with oral ulcers, bleeding gums, genital
sores, and the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs),
which may or may not be visible.

You can get other STDs from oral sex. And, if you get feces in your
mouth during anilingus, you can get hepatitis A and B, parasites
likeGiardia, and bacteria likeShigella,Salmonella,Campylobacter,
andE. coli.
IS THERE A CONNECTION BETWEEN HIV AND
OTHER (STD) SEXUAL TRANSMITTED DISEASE?
Yes. Having another sexually transmitted disease (STD) can increase
the risk of getting or transmitting HIV.

If you have another STD, youre more likely to get or transmit HIV to others.
Some of the most common STDs include gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis,
human papillomavirus (HPV), genital herpes, and hepatitis. The only way to
know for sure if you have an STD is to get tested. If youre sexually active,
you and your partners should get tested for STDs (including HIV if youre
HIV-negative) regularly, even if you dont have symptoms.

If you are HIV-negative but have an STD, you are about 3 times as likely to
get HIV if you have unprotected sex with someone who has HIV. There are
two ways that having an STD can increase the likelihood of getting HIV.

If you are HIV-positive and also infected with another STD, you are about 3
times as likely as other HIV-infected people to spread HIV through sexual
contact. This appears to happen because there is an increased concentration
of HIV in the semen and genital fluids of HIV-positive people who also are
infected with another STD.
CAN I GET IT FROM INJECTING DRUGS?
Yes. Your risk for getting HIV is very high if you use
needles or works (such as cookers, cotton, or water)
after someone with HIV has used them.
People who inject drugs, hormones, steroids, or silicone
can get HIV by sharing needles or syringes and other
injection equipment. The needles and equipment may have
someone elses blood in them, and blood can transmit HIV.
Likewise, youre at risk for getting hepatitis B and C if you
share needles and works because these infections are also
transmitted through blood.
Another reason people who inject drugs can get HIV (and
other sexually transmitted diseases) is that when people are
high, theyre more likely to have risky sex.
IF A PERSON ALREADY HAVE HIV IS THERE A
CHANCE HE/SHE MAY ACQUIRE NEW KIND OF HIV?
Yes. This is called HIV superinfection.
HIV superinfection is when a person with HIV gets infected

with another strain of the virus. The new strain of HIV can
replace the original strain or remain along with the original
strain.
The effects of superinfection differ from person to person.

Superinfection may cause some people to get sicker faster

because they become infected with a new strain of the
virus that is resistant to the medicine (antiretroviral therapy
or ART) theyre taking to treat their original infection.
Research suggests that a hard-to-treat superinfection is

rare. Taking medicine to treat HIV (ART) may reduce

someones chance of getting a superinfection.
CAN I GET HIV FROM HEALTH CARE?
Although HIV transmission is possible in health care
settings, it is extremely rare.

Careful practice of infection control, including universal

precautions (using protective practices and personal protective
equipment to prevent HIV and other blood-borne infections),
protects patients as well as health care providers from possible
HIV transmission in medical and dental offices and hospitals.

The risk of getting HIV from receiving blood transfusions,

blood products, or organ/tissue transplants that are
contaminated with HIV is extremely small because of rigorous
testing of the blood supply and donated organs and tissues.
CAN I GET HIV THROUGH CASUAL (KISSING ,
SHAKING HAND , SHARING A GLASS , USING A
TOILET , SNEEZING & COUGHING IN PUBLIC)?
No. HIV isnt transmitted
By hugging, shaking hands, sharing toilets, sharing dishes, or
closed-mouth or social kissing with someone who is HIV-
positive.
Through saliva, tears, or sweat that is not mixed with the blood
of an HIV-positive person.
By mosquitoes, ticks or other blood-sucking insects.
Through the air.
Only certain body fluidsblood, semen (cum), pre-seminal
fluid (pre-cum), rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk
from an HIV-infected person can transmit HIV. Most commonly,
people get or transmit HIV through sexual behaviors and needle
or syringe use. Babies can also get HIV from an HIV-positive
mother during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding.
CAN I GET HIV FROM TATTOO OR BODY
PIERCING?
Its possible to get HIV from tattooing or body piercing
if the equipment used for these procedures has
someone elses blood in it or if the ink is shared. The
risk of getting HIV this way is very low, but the risk
increases when the person doing the procedure is
unlicensed, because of the potential for unsanitary
practices such as sharing needles or ink. If you get a
tattoo or a body piercing, be sure that the person doing
the procedure is properly licensed and that they use
only new or sterilized needles, ink, and other supplies.
CAN I GET HIV FROM FOOD?

You cant get HIV from consuming food handled by an

HIV-infected person. Even if the food contained small
amounts of HIV-infected blood or semen, exposure to
the air, heat from cooking, and stomach acid would
destroy the virus.

Though it is very rare, HIV can be spread by eating food

that has been pre-chewed by an HIV-infected person.
The contamination occurs when infected blood from a
caregivers mouth mixes with food while chewing. The
only known cases are among infants.
ARE LESBIANS OR WOMEN HAVING SEX
WITH OTHER WOMAN AT RISK OF HIV?
Case reports of female-to-female transmission of HIV
are rare. The well-documented risk of female-to-male
transmission shows that vaginal fluids and menstrual
blood may contain the virus and that exposure to these
fluids through mucous membranes (in the vagina or
mouth) could potentially lead to HIV infection.
IS THE RISK OF HIV DIFFERENT FOR DIFFERENT
PEOPLE?
When you live in a community where many people have HIV infection, the
chances of having sex or sharing needles or other injection equipment with
someone who has HIV are higher.

Gay and bisexual men have the largest number of new diagnoses. Also,
transgender women who have sex with men are among the groups at highest
risk for HIV infection, and injection drug users remain at significant risk for
getting HIV.

Risky behaviors, like having anal or vaginal sex without using a condom or
taking medicines to prevent or treat HIV, and sharing needles or syringes play
a big role in HIV transmission.

But there are more tools available today to prevent HIV than ever before.
Choosing less risky sexual behaviors, taking medicines to prevent and treat
HIV, and using condoms with lubricants are all highly effective ways to reduce
the risk of getting or transmitting HIV.
IS THERE A CURE FOR HIV / AIDS?
There is no functional cure for HIV or AIDS, meaning that there is no procedure or
medication which has been scientifically proven to reliably eliminate the virus
from a person's body or reverse the damage to the immune system.

There have been many advances in HIV treatments and therapies in recent years
that have dramatically improved the quality of life of people with HIV, and more
people are living longer with HIV than we used to think was possible.

There are also people whose bodies naturally suppress the virus without
medication (referred to as "elite controllers), though this happens rarely. Even
some elite controllers opt to take antiretrovirals to reduce the damage caused by
HIV to their immune system.

One well-studied, but not yet replicated case of a person who has been
'functionally cured' of HIV is Timothy Brown, also known as "the Berlin Patient."
You can read aboutthe science behind the Berlin Patient's case. The term
'functionally cured' means that the person doesn't have to take medications, and
there's so little of the virus in their body that they aren't being affected by it and
can't infect anyone else. It's not 100% clear whether or not this will stay true in
the long term.
Common HIV Symptoms
HIV is a virus that affects theimmune system, specifically
the CD4 cells. The CD4 cells help protect the body from
illness. Unlike other viruses that the immune system can
normally fight off, HIV cant be eliminated by the
immune system.
The symptoms ofHIV can vary greatly from person to
person. No two person with HIV will likely experience the
exact same symptoms. However, an HIV infection will
generally follow this pattern:

ACUTE ILLNESS
ASYMPTOMATIC PERIOD
ADVANCED INFECTION
ACUTE ILLNESS
Approximately80 percentof people who are infected with HIV experience flu-like
symptoms within two to four weeks of becoming infected. This flu-like illness is
known asacute HIV infection. Its the primary stage of the infection and lasts
until the body has created antibodies against the HIV virus.
The most common symptoms of acute HIV include:
body rash
fever
sore throat
severe headaches

Less common symptoms may include:

fatigue
swollen lymph nodes
ulcers in themouthor on thegenitals
muscle aches
joint pain
Nausea andvomiting
night sweats

Symptoms typically last 1 to 2 weeks. If you have several of these symptoms

and suspect you may have been infected, schedule an appointment with
your doctor and get tested.
Asymptomatic period

After the initial symptoms disappear, HIV may not cause

any other symptoms for months or years. During this
time, the virus replicates within your body and begins to
weaken your immune system. You wont feel or look
sick, but the virus is still active. You can easily transmit
it to others. This is why early testing, even when you
feel fine, is so important.
Advanced infection

It may take some time, but HIV may eventually break

down your immune system. Once this happens, HIV will
progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS), which is the last stage of infection. At this point,
your immune system is severely damaged, making you
more susceptible toopportunistic infections.
Common HIV opportunistic infections
Opportunistic infections are conditions that the body would
normally be able to fight off, but that can be life-threatening to
people who have HIV. You may notice that you frequently
getcolds,flus, and fungal infections. You might also experience
the following AIDS symptoms:
nausea
vomiting
persistent diarrhea
chronic fatigue
rapid weight loss
cough and shortness of breath
recurring fever,chills, and night sweats
rashes, sores, or lesionsin the mouth or nose, on the genitals, or
under the skin
prolongedswelling of the lymph nodesin the armpits, groin, or
neck
memory loss,confusion, or neurological disorders
Talk to your doctor
If you have any of these symptoms and are
concerned that you have HIV, a good first step is to
talk to your doctor. Most HIV symptoms can also be
caused by other factors, and your doctor can help
determine if something else is causing your
symptoms. They can also guide you in getting tested
for HIV, and help devise a treatment plan for your
symptoms, whatever their cause turns out to be.
Protecting your health
TheCDC estimates that, in the United States, 1 in 8 people living with HIV don't
know that they have it. In the last several years, the number of people living with
HIV has increased, while the annual number of new HIV infections has stayed fairly
stable.
Its crucial that you watch out for your own health by being aware of the symptoms

of HIV and by getting tested as soon as you suspect you may have been infected.
You should also take steps to prevent HIV infection by avoiding exposure to
potentially infectious bodily fluids.

You can reduce your risk of HIV by taking preventive measures:

Practice safe sex:Use acondom during vaginal and anal sex. When used

correctly, condoms are highly effective at protecting against HIV.

Avoid intravenous drugs:(Prohibited drugs)Never share or reuse needles.
Take precautions:Always assume that blood might be infectious. Protect yourself

by using latex gloves and other barriers.

Get tested for HIV:Getting tested is the only way to know whether or not you have

HIV. If you test positive for HIV, you can get treatment and take steps to reduce the
risk of spreading the virus to others.
PROTECTING YOU LOVEONES
STAY LOYAL TO YOUR PARTNER.

BE CONTENTED AND HAPPY.

AVOID ILLEGAL AND PROHIBITED DRUGS.

MAKE IT SAFE USE PROTECTION.

THANK YOU